8个西番莲品种的开花特性与花粉柱头形态观察

Observations on Flowering Habits and Floral Organ Morphology of Eight Germplasm Materials in the Genus Passion

为明确西番莲不同品种的开花特性、花器官形态结构特征,本研究通过对广西南宁栽培的8个西番莲品种的开花特性进行分析,并通过扫描电镜对花粉、柱头细胞学形态进行观察。结果表明:8个西番莲品种的开花习性有差异。‘桂百一号’在八月上旬进入初花期;其次为‘JD-BX’‘JD-42’‘JD-77’‘JD-67’在8月中旬进入初花期;‘金都百香2号’‘金都百香3号’‘金都百香4号’较晚,在8月下旬进入初花期。根据其花萼开裂的时间区分开花类型,‘桂百一号’‘金都百香3号’‘金都百香4号’为上午开花型,其余五个西番莲品种为下午开花型;单花开花动态时序上,花完全开放到雌雄蕊展平至90°的8个品种所需时间由长到短依次为:‘桂百一号’>‘JD-BX’>‘JD-42’>‘金都百香4号’>‘金都百香2号’>‘金都百香3号’>‘JD-67’>‘JD-77’。通过显微观察发现8种西番莲品种在花粉粒大小、萌发沟长度、柱头形状上具有一定差异。本研究明确了8种西番莲品种的开花特性、花粉柱头形态结构特征,确定了授粉时花器官最佳空间位置,为实现高效生产及百香果授粉生物学研究提供参考。

This study aims to clarify the flowering characteristics and floral organ morphological features of dif ferent varieties of passion fruit(Passiflora edulis Sims.).The flowering characteristics of eight passion fruit varieties cultivated in Nanning,Guangxi were analyzed,and the cytological morphology of pollen and stigma was observed with scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the eight passion fruit varieties have different flowering habits:'Guibai1'reached the initial flowering stage in early August,followed by'JD-BX','JD-42','JD-77',and'JD-67'entered the initial flowering stage in mid-August;'Jindu Baixiang No.2','Jindu Baixiang No.3',and'Jindu Baixiang No.4'reached the initial flowering stage late in late August.Based on the time of sepals splitting,the flowering types are distinguished:'Guibai1','JD-3',and'JD-4'bloom in the morning,while and the other five passion fruit varieties bloom in the afternoon.In terms of the dynamic timing of single flower blooming,the time required for the flowers of eight varieties to fully open and the stamen and pistil spreading to flatten to 90°from longest to shortest is:'Guibai1'>'JD-BX'>'JD-42'>'Jindu Baixiang No.4'>'Jindu Baixiang No.2'>'Jindu Baixiang No.3'>'JD-67'>'JD-77'.Through microscopic observation,it was found that 8 passion fruit varieties had certain differences in pollen grain size,germinal furrow length and stigma shape.This study clarified the flowering characteristics,pollen and stigma morphological features of the eight passion fruit varieties,determined the optimal spatial position of the floral organs for pollination,which provided a reference for achieving high-efficiency production and the pollination biology of passion fruit.