高导热沥青基碳纤维复合材料在航天器中的应用现状及展望

Application Status and Prospect of High Thermal Conductivity Pitch-based Carbon Fiber Composites in Spacecraft

随着新一代航天器不断朝着超大型化、微小型化、高效能化方向发展,航天器对轻质高强高模高导热材料的需求日益迫切。相比传统的聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维,高导热沥青基碳纤维具有超高的热导率、更高的拉伸模量以及更低的热膨胀系数,是实现承载/传热/热尺寸稳定性功能一体化的理想材料,在航天领域得到了重要应用并展现出巨大应用前景。本文介绍了高导热沥青基碳纤维及其复合材料的性能特点、发展现状以及在航天器中的应用现状,重点从航天器热管理结构、热防护结构、高尺寸稳定性结构、多功能结构、电子设备外壳等方面综述了其应用现状,最后对高导热沥青基碳纤维复合材料的发展及应用前景进行了展望。

With the development of the new generation of spacecraft towards the direction of super-large,micro-miniaturization and high-efficiency,the demand for lightweight,high-strength,high modulus and high thermal conductivity materials for spacecraft is increasingly urgent.Compared with traditional PAN-based carbon fiber,high thermal conductivity pitch-based carbon fiber has ultra-high thermal conductivity,higher tensile modulus and lower thermal expansion coefficient.High thermal conductivity pitch-based carbon fiber is an ideal material to realize the functional integration of load bearing,heat transfer and thermal dimensional stability.It has been widely used in the aerospace field and has shown great application prospects.This paper introduces the performance characteristics,development status and application status of high thermal conductivity pitch-based carbon fiber and its composites in spacecraft.The application status of high thermal conductivity pitch-based carbon fiber composites in spacecraft thermal management structure,thermal protection structure,high dimensional stability structure,multi-function structure and electronic equipment shell are reviewed.Finally,the development and application prospects of high thermal conductivity pitch-based carbon fiber composites are prospected.