纤维增强热塑性复合材料拉挤成型工艺研究进展

Research Progress of Pultrusion Molding Process of Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

拉挤成型作为一种连续生产固定截面的热塑性复合材料成型工艺,具有原材料利用率高、生产效率高、废品率低、产品复制性强、可设计等优点,已在轻量化汽车、建筑建材、风电叶片等领域内广泛应用。热塑性树脂基体存在室温下呈固态、熔融状态下流动性差的问题,导致纤维浸渍困难,成为此类成型工艺发展的瓶颈,因此改进拉挤成型工艺的关键集中在纤维浸渍技术上。本文综述了纤维增强热塑性复合材料拉挤成型工艺的研究进展,并根据浸渍方式的不同将热塑性复合材料拉挤成型工艺分为非反应型拉挤成型工艺和反应型拉挤成型工艺,介绍了每种成型工艺的浸渍特点、制备流程以及工艺优化方案,阐述了拉挤成型工艺中不同的纤维浸渍方式对制件质量的影响规律,最后对拉挤成型工艺现存的问题进行了讨论,展望了未来纤维增强热塑性复合材料拉挤成型工艺的发展趋势,为今后拉挤成型工艺的深入研究和开拓创新提供参考。

As a thermoplastic composite molding process for continuous fixed-section composites production,pultrusion process has advantageous cha-racteristics including high raw material utilization rate,high production efficiency,low waste rate,strong replicability,designability,and has been widely used in the field of automotive lightweight designs,construction building materials,wind power blades and others.Thermoplastic resin matrix is a solid substance at room temperature and has poor fluidity in the molten state,so it is difficult to impregnate the fibers,which becomes the bottleneck of the development of pultrusion process.Therefore,the key to improve the pultrusion process is to focus on the fiber impregnation technology.This paper reviews the research progress of pultrusion process of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites.The pultrusion process is divided into non-reactive pultrusion and reactive pultrusion according to the different impregnation methods.The impregnation characteristics,manufacture processes and optimization scheme of each molding process are introduced.In addition,the influence law of diffe-rent fiber impregnation methods on the quality of the products in pultrusion process is expounded.Finally,the existing problems of pultrusion process are discussed,and the development trend of pultrusion process for fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites is prospected,which can provide guidance for further research and innovation of pultrusion process.