数字人文视域下《文选》与唐诗的互文空间

The Intertextual Space Between Wenxuan and the Tang Poetry from the Perspective of Digital Humanities

古人云:“唐人佳句,多本六朝。”其中,尤以《文选》对唐诗创作的影响最为广泛。语言痕迹是考察这种影响的最直接线索,但因缺乏大规模相似诗例和史料支撑,前人在讨论唐人诗句与《文选》的关系时往往局限于某几位诗人作品零散的举证。今以《文选》和《全唐诗》为研究对象,使用基于语义特征的相似度算法分析它们之间的互文关系,构建互文知识库,探讨以李杜为代表的唐代诗人在诗歌创作过程中引用前人诗句的具体表现。从两个文本集的互文网络中挖掘和分析中国古典诗歌经典话题的组织结构和流动脉络,发现《文选》中美颂君王、状物写景、悲泪伤怀等诸多话题在唐诗中得到充分延续和发展。

Wang Shizhen, a scholar from the Qing Dynasty, once remarked, “The exquisite verses of the Tang Dynasty largely originate from the Six Dynasties”, among which, Wenxuan has exerted the most widespread influence on the creation of the Tang poetry. Linguistic traces are the most direct clue to investigate this influence, but for lack of large-scale similar poetic examples and historical materials, previous discussions on the relationship between the Tang poetic verses and Wenxuan were often limited to sporadic evidence from the works of a certain poet or a few poets. This article takes Wenxuan and Quan Tang Shi( Complete Collection of Tang Dynasty Poetry) as research objects, analyzes their intertextual relationship with a similarity algorithm based on semantic features, and constructs an intertextual knowledge base to explore the specific performances of the Tang poetry represented by Li Bai and Du Fu in quoting the verses of their predecessors in the process of poetry creation. By excavating and analyzing the organizational structure and flow of classic topics in classical Chinese poetry from the intertextual network of the two text collections, it is found that many topics in Wenxuan, such as eulogizing the king, describing the scene, and expressing sorrow and sadness, are fully inherited and evolved in the Tang poetry.