建立于地点上的集体记忆——社区文化的一个研究视角

Memory of Place——A Research Perspective on Community Culture

“建立于地点上的集体记忆”为洞察社区文化提供了一种独特的记忆视角。成都社区的坝坝会之所以能够成为基层治理的抓手和工具,在于坝坝文化积淀的民情民意,易于激发参与者的集体性情感。在根本上,它属于一种不言自明的地方性“意会”文化,包含互助性、大家在一起等集体记忆特征,这类情感还具有某种神圣性特点。以成都社区治理中的坝坝文化为讨论起点,可以看到基于地点的集体记忆在构建社会团结中的作用。这类集体性情感生发于人与地点之间的互动,最终体现了人的精神世界的一些特点,是人适应变动不居世界的一种方式。人类社会在延续中有重视种群和集体的倾向,它具有两面性,就如同社区文化生发的集体感给人提供了安全感,也对个体造成了束缚,这是文明的悖谬之处。

“Collective memory based on place” provides a memory perspective for insights of community culture. The reason why the Baba group in Chengdu communities can become a starting point and tool for grassroots governance is that the Baba culture originates from people's sentiments and public opinions and thus can easily stimulate the collective emotions of the participants. Fundamentally, it belongs to a self-evident local “understanding” culture. It includes collective emotional characteristics such as mutual help and being together. This type of emotion also contains certain characteristics of sanctity, a representation of what Durkheim calls the sanctity of society. Taking the Baba culture in community governance in Chengdu as the starting point for discussion, we can see the role of place-based collective memory in building up social solidarity. This kind of collective emotion arises from the interaction between people and places, ultimately embodies some characteristics of people's spiritual world, and is a way for people to adapt to a changing world. Human society has a tendency to value groups and collectives in its continuation. It has two sides. Just as the sense of collectiveness generated by community culture provides people with a sense of safe, but it also has constraints on individuals. This is the paradox of civilization.