泸定6.8级地震农村居住建筑震害调查与分析

Seismic Damage Investigation and Analysis of Rural Residential Buildings in Ms6.8 Luding Earthquake

2022年9月5日,四川省泸定县发生了6.8级地震,对泸定、石棉、汉源等地区的农村建筑造成严重影响。为了分析农村建筑的震害,对评估烈度为Ⅵ~Ⅸ度区域12个乡镇35个地点的农村建筑进行了现场调查,总结了砖砌体结构、木结构、石结构和生土结构的典型震害特征,并对4种结构的震害等级进行了统计和分析。结果表明:砖砌体结构房屋的严重破坏及倒塌占比为4.2%和3.3%,且与构造措施有很大关系,未经正规设计且缺乏构造措施的砌体结构出现屋面破坏、局部甚至整体倒塌,但设有构造措施的砌体结构房屋保存较好;木结构建筑整体受损较轻,但由于本次泸定地震的竖向作用强烈,木屋盖破坏较为严重;石砌体结构和生土结构房屋,发生严重破坏和倒塌的比例较高,严重破坏占比分别为7.2%和5.1%,倒塌占比分别为10%和7%,破坏最为严重。山体滑坡、落石等次生灾害对建筑造成不同程度的损坏,是此次泸定地震的特征之一。针对此次泸定地震的破坏特征,建议农村建筑落实抗震措施,引入适用的新工艺;灾后恢复过程中,以房屋震损程度评估为基础,重建与加固相结合;同时,建议注重农村规划、选址的研究,降低地震次生灾害破坏;应当进行抗震科普宣传,加强农村工匠培训。

On September 5th,2022,a 6.8 magnitude earthquake hit Luding County in Sichuan prov-ince,causing extensive damage to rural buildings in Luding,Shimian,Hanyuan,and surrounding ar-eas.A detailed seismic damage investigation covering 35 zones in 12 villages and towns was conduct-ed,revealing varying seismic damage across structures with seismic intensities fromⅥtoⅨ.The dis-tinct seismic damage patterns were observed in brick masonry,wood,stone,and raw soil structures.Statistical analysis showed varying damage levels among these types.The investigation and analysis revealed that brick masonry structures had a 4.2%severe damage rate and 3.3%collapse rate,with these outcomes closely linked to constructional practices.Masonry structures lacking adequate aseis-mic design and earthquake-resistant construction measures suffered from roof damage,partial col-lapse,or complete failure.Conversely,those equipped with appropriate measures demonstrated better structural integrity.Wooden structures showed minor damage overall,with significant roof damage due to vertical earthquake forces.Stone masonry and raw soil structures exhibited elevated rates of se-vere damage and collapse,with percentages of 7.2%and 5.1%for serious damage and 10%and 7%for collapse,respectively.Secondary disasters like landslides and rockfalls also contributed to the dam-age,marking a significant aspect of the Luding earthquake′s impact.Regarding the damage attributes of the Luding earthquake,it is advisable to integrate earthquake-resistant construction practices and new technologies during the rural residential building construction process.Post-disaster efforts should focus on the combination of the reconstruction and reinforcement,guided by damage assessments,with a focus on rural layout and site selection for future seismic resilience Additionally,educating rural communities and training artisans in earthquake-related knowledge is crucial.