为保云南而建贵州?——贵州建省原因的再探讨

Build Guizhou to Protect Yunnan? Discussion on theReasons for Establishing Guizhou Province

明代万历时期,出现了“开贵州为云南”与“为保一线路而建贵州”的贵州建省原因论,并将与朱元璋“霭翠辈不尽服之,虽有云南不能守”联系起来。考辨史事,朱元璋并没有建贵州省的政治设想;洪武十五年所建贵州都司并非是建省的前期工作;明代“一线路”仅是指“普安旧道”贵阳以东路段,明后期官员强调“一线路”之于云南的重要战略意义,只是作为是否裁撤贵州省与征贵州矿税的辩辞,而当今学者将贵州都司的建立与保一线路引申出来的为安定云南而建贵州的观念,是缺乏对历史事实坚实考察的推论。

Since the Wanli period in Ming Dynasty,there have been theories on the reasons for the establishment of Guizhou as a province,such as“opening Guizhou for Yunnan”and“building Guizhou for the protection of the first line”,which have been linked to Zhu Yuanzhang's“not fully convinced by the Aicui generation,although Yunnan cannot defend it”.By examining historical events,Zhu Yuanzhang did not have a political plan to establish Guizhou Province;The establishment of Guizhou Dusi in the fifteenth year of Hongwu was not a preliminary work for the construction of the province;In the Ming Dynasty,the“One Line Load”only referred to the section of the“Pu'an Old Road”east of Guiyang.In the later Ming Dynasty,officials emphasized the important strategic significance of the“One Route”for Yunnan,which was only used as a defense for whether to abolish Guizhou Province and levy Guizhou mining taxes.However,the concept of building Guizhou for the purpose of stabilizing Yunnan,which is derived from the establishment of Guizhou Province and the Baoyi Route by current scholars,lacks a solid examination of historical facts and inference.