陕甘宁边区对巫神的改造

Transformation of Witches in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region

延安时期由于封建迷信思想盛行、医疗条件落后,巫神在陕甘宁边区大量存在,不仅损害了人民群众身体健康,还造成边区社会秩序的紊乱。为了破除人们的迷信思想,陕甘宁边区政府在党的领导下,采取一系列措施,与巫神展开斗争,如普及医疗服务,推动科学教育,组织巫神参加生产劳动,帮助其解决生产生活困难。通过对巫神群体的改造,增加了劳动力和农业产出,提高了人们对医疗科学的认识,提升了城乡社会的文明程度。边区在改造巫神的过程中,注重党政引领、群众动员、思想转变,其中形成的克服强迫命令与“尾巴主义”等经验,为当下社会治理创新提供了启示,具有借鉴意义。

Because of the prevalence of feudal superstition and underdeveloped medical conditions,witchcraft was practiced very often in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region,which was not only harmful to the health of the people,but also a disruption to local social order.In order to reverse this trend and help people out of superstitious thought,the Border Region Government,under the leadership of the Party,took a series of measures to fight against witchcraft practices,such as popularizing medical services,promoting scientific education,organizing the witches to participate in productive work and helping them to solve the difficulties in their life and production work.The transformation of the witch groups created more labor force and agricultural output,promoted people’s knowledge of medical science,and made local urban and rural society more civilized.The experience obtained from the transformation of witches in the Border Region,such as the leadership of the Party and government,the mobilization of the masses,and priority on ideological change,including overcoming coercive orders and“tail doctrine”in the mass line,has served as a useful mirror for innovations in social governance.