袁甲三、胜保之争与咸同年间皖省军务

A Study of the Struggle Between Yuan Jiasan and Shengbao and the Military Affairs of Anhui Province During the Reigns of Emperors Xianfeng and Tongzhi

袁甲三与胜保是咸丰、同治年间清廷督师安徽的两名主要大员,对安徽政局的影响举足轻重。袁、胜两人先后入皖,在共事中由于种种原因而矛盾重重,并未形成清廷所寄望的“和衷共济”局面。在袁、胜之争中,袁甲三处于下风,时常遭受胜保有意无意地打压。然而,随着两人矛盾的扩大,形势逐渐逆转。袁甲三凭借地方士绅与湘军势力的支持在安徽立足,并击败胜保,最终被塑造为“中兴名臣”。胜保则在离开经营多年的安徽后,逐渐失势,乃至被杀。同时,湘军势力在袁氏配合下,顺势接手安徽,将其纳入控制之下。袁、胜之争是理解咸同年间安徽政局人事关系变化的关键线索。二人围绕皖省军事最高指挥权的明争暗斗,可以折射出这一时期满汉力量的消长与央地关系的变化。

Yuan Jiasan and Shengbao were two high ranking officials of the Qing court who supervised Anhui during the reigns of and Tongzhi,and they had a significant impact on the political situation of Anhui province.Yuan and Sheng went to Anhui one after another.Due to various reasons,they had many contradictions when working together,which did not form the situation of“harmony and mutual assistance”that the Qing court expected.In the struggle between Yuan and Sheng,Yuan Jiasan was at a disadvantage and often suffered from intentional or unintentional suppressions from Shengbao.However,the situation gradually reversed as the conflict between the two escalated.With the support of local gentry and Hunan army forces,Yuan Jiasan gained a foothold in Anhui and defeated Shengbao.Therefore,Yuan was regarded as a famous official who revitalized the dynasty,while Sheng Bao gradually lost power and was even killed after leaving Anhui,where he had been operating for many years.At the same time,with the cooperation of Yuan,the Hunan Army took over Anhui and brought it under their control.The historical facts of the struggle between Yuan and Sheng are key clues to understand the personnel changes in Anhui during the period of Xianfeng and Tongzhi.The struggle between Yuan and Sheng around the supreme military command in Anhui reflects the change of the strength of Manchu and Han,as well as the relationshipᦆbetween central and local governments.