以苏为虑与争取美援:国际视野下蒋介石处理皖南事变的考量

Thinking About the Soviet Union and Winning American Aid:Chiang Kai-shek’s Consideration in Dealing with the Southern Anhui Incident from the International Perspectiv

皖南事变是抗战期间国共合作的一个转折点。蒋介石在皖南事变前态度复杂,举棋再三,皖南事变后虽然在国民党强硬派的要求下撤销新四军番号,但其仍试图缓和与中共的关系,避免内战发生。1940年至1941年间的国际局势很大程度上影响了蒋介石处理新四军问题的举措,其中中苏关系和中美关系牵制最大。苏联希望蒋介石坚持抗战牵制日军兵力,蒋介石则希望拉拢苏联避免其与日本联合不利于中国,同时希望得到苏联的援助以及苏联对中共的制约。德意日三国同盟成立后,美国对华态度好转,而当时中国国内经济状况日趋恶化,蒋介石希望美国对其抗战给予政治支持和经济、军事援助。为此,除了向美国表示坚持抗战的决心之外,蒋介石还必须表明其有统制全局的能力,保证中国不会发生内战。国际局势的变动迫使蒋介石和平解决皖南事变。

The Southern Anhui Incident was a turning point of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.Chiang Kai-shek did not plan to eliminate the New Fourth Army before the Southern Anhui Incident.Although the New Fourth Army title was revoked at the request of Kuomintang hardliners after the Southern Anhui Incident,Chiang Kai-shek still tried to ease the relationship with the Communist Party of China to avoid civil war.The international situation in 1940and 1941greatly influenced Chiang Kai-shek’s handling of the New Fourth Army problem,with Sino-Soviet relations and Sino-US relations exerting the greatest influence.The Soviet Union hoped that Chiang Kai-shek would persist in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to contain the Japanese forces,while Chiang Kai-shek hoped to draw the Soviet Union to avoid its joining hands with Japan against China,and at the same time hoped to get Soviet aid and its restriction on the Communist Party of China.After the establishment of the alliance between Germany,Italy and Japan,the attitude of the United States toward China improved,while China’s domestic economic situation was deteriorating.Chiang Kai-shek hoped that the United States would give political support and economic and military assistance to China’s War of resistance against Japan.In addition to expressing the determination of sticking to the war to the United States,he also had to ensure that he had the ability to control the overall situation and China would not have a civil war.The change of the international situation forced Chiang Kai-shek to peacefully solve the Southern Anhui Incident.