煤岩识别技术发展综述

Overview of the development of coal rock recognition technology

煤岩识别技术可为采煤机自动调高提供依据,是实现煤矿智能无人化开采的关键。现有煤岩识别技术包括图像识别、过程信号监测识别、电磁波识别、超声波探测识别、多传感器融合识别等。详细介绍了上述几种技术原理及应用现状:(1)图像识别技术目前处于实验阶段,主要涉及大规模煤岩图像数据标注和复杂地质条件下的识别问题。(2)过程信号监测识别技术可分析煤矿开采过程中的相关信号,识别潜在的煤岩界面信息,但需要解决信号噪声干扰和复杂煤岩界面识别问题。(3)电磁波识别技术和超声波探测识别技术已在实际煤岩界面探测中应用,但仍需要提高识别准确性和可靠性,尤其是对于复杂煤岩结构和界面情况。(4)多传感器融合识别技术需解决数据融合和匹配的难题,确保不同传感器之间的精确校准和可靠性,并验证其在实际应用中的可行性和实用性。针对上述问题,指出煤岩识别技术发展方向:(1)煤岩识别研究应着重提高算法的实时性和抗干扰能力,确保在特定条件下并兼有复杂环境干扰下也能准确识别煤岩,满足井下实际开采需求。(2)加强矿用传感器的研究,以提高其抗干扰性能,同时采用先进的视觉相机和智能设备,与传感器相结合,提高煤岩识别的精度和效率。(3)多种煤岩识别技术交叉融合使用:对于不同硬度的煤岩,可采用过程信号监测识别和多传感器融合技术;对于硬度接近的情况,可结合图像识别和电磁波识别技术,实现煤岩壁界面和煤层厚度的准确识别。

Coal rock recognition technology can provide a basis for automatization improvement of shearer and is the key to achieving intelligent unmanned mining in coal mines.The existing coal rock recognition technologies include image recognition,process signal monitoring recognition,electromagnetic wave recognition,and ultrasonic detection recognition,multi-sensor fusion recognition.This article provides a detailed introduction to the principles and application status of the above-mentioned technologies.①Image recognition technology is currently in the experimental stage,mainly involving large-scale coal rock image data annotation and recognition problems under complex geological conditions.②Process signal monitoring and recognition technology can analyze relevant signals during coal mining and recognize potential coal rock interface information.But it needs to solve the problems of signal noise interference and complex coal rock interface recognition.③Electromagnetic wave recognition technology and ultrasonic detection recognition technology have been applied in actual coal rock interface detection.But there is still a need to improve recognition accuracy and reliability,especially for complex coal rock structures and interface situations.④Multi sensor fusion recognition technology needs to solve the problem of data fusion and matching,ensure accurate calibration and reliability between different sensors,and verify its feasibility and practicality in practical applications.In order to solve the above problems,the development directions of coal rock recognition technology are pointed out.①Research on coal rock recognition should focus on improving the real-time performance and anti-interference capability of algorithms.It will ensure accurate recognition of coal rock under specific conditions and complex environmental interference,and meet the actual mining needs underground.②Research on coal rock recognition should strengthen the research on mining sensors to improve their anti-interference performance.It is suggested to adopt advanced visual cameras and intelligent devices to combine with sensors to improve the precision and efficiency of coal rock recognition.③Research on coal rock recognition should focus on the cross fusion of multiple coal and rock recognition technologies.For coal and rock with different hardness,process signal monitoring recognition and multi-sensor fusion technology can be adopted.For cases with similar hardness,image recognition and electromagnetic wave recognition techniques can be combined to achieve accurate recognition of coal rock wall interfaces and coal seam thickness.