高等教育阶段学生流失的成因及干预——基于行为经济学视角的述评

Causes and Interventions of Student Attrition at the Higher Education Level

高等教育旨在为各行各业培养专业人才,从而保证整个社会的有序发展。高等教育阶段的学生流失给国家、院校和个体带来损失。在我国高等教育从大众化迈向普及化的过程中,学生流失将逐渐成为一个备受关注的问题。基于行为经济学设计的政策和干预能够以较低的成本温和地改变个体行为。本研究基于行为经济学的视角对高等教育阶段学生流失进行述评,对流失成因进行归纳,进一步对缓解流失进行的干预进行梳理,研究发现高等教育阶段学生流失的成因包括:现时偏见、信息可得性与信息过载和自我控制不足,这导致个体可能做出偏离最优选择的决策。通过架构选择情景,影响个体的偏好序,改变其流失动机,最终改变其行为是现有干预设计的主要逻辑和思路。

Higher education aims to produce professionals from all walks of life,thus ensuring the orderly development of society.Student attrition in higher education is extremely costly to the nation,institutions,and individuals.In the process of moving from massive higher education to universal higher education in China,college students'dropout is becoming an issue of great concern.Interventions designed based on behavioral economics can modestly change human behavior at a lower cost.This study investigates student attrition at the higher education level from the perspective of behavioral economics,summarizes the causes and influencing factors of dropout,and sorts out the various interventions conducted to mitigate dropout.We found that the causes of student attrition at the higher education level include present bias,information availability and information overload,and lack of self-control,which leads individuals to make dropout decisions that deviate from the optimal choice.The main logic and approaches of the existing interventions are to influence individuals'preference order,change their motivation to drop out of school,and ultimately change their dropout behavior by designing choice architecture.