真菌在蚊虫防控中的应用研究进展

Research progress of the application of fungi in mosquito control

蚊虫是疟疾、登革热等传染病的重要传播媒介,对人类健康造成严重威胁。基于杀虫剂的化学防治是当前蚊媒疾病媒介控制的主要策略之一,但杀虫剂抗药性的威胁日益严重,迫切需要开发更多的蚊虫控制工具。昆虫病原真菌可作为化学杀虫剂的一种环保替代品,能够通过影响蚊虫的寿命和媒介能力等达到防控蚊虫和蚊媒传染病的目的,也能通过转基因技术对真菌进行改造间接发挥作用。该文对绿僵菌、白僵菌和大链壶菌等主要杀蚊真菌进行介绍,并对其在蚊虫防控中的研究进展进行综述和展望。

Mosquitoes are important vectors of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever,posing a serious threat to human health.Insecticide-based chemical control is currently one of the main strategies for vector control of mosquito-borne diseases,but the growing threat of insecticide resistance has created an urgent need for the development of additional mosquito control tools.Entomopathogenic fungi can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides,because they can control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne infectious diseases by affecting the life span and vector ability of mosquitoes and play an indirect role by modifying fungi through transgenic technology.This review provides an introduction to the main mosquito-killing fungi,such as Metarhizium anisopliae,Beauveria bassiana,and Lagenidium giganteum,and summarizes the progress of their research in mosquito control.