股骨颈骨折内固定术后血清学指标PAI-1作为股骨头坏死并发症风险因素的探究

Serological index PAI-1 as risk factor of complications of femoral head necrosis after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture

目的 探究股骨颈骨折内固定术后股骨头坏死的风险因素,明确血清学指标纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)对股骨头坏死的预测价值。方法 纳入该院2021年1月至2022年1月收治的股骨颈骨折内固定术患者95例。获取患者相关临床信息,并检测患者术前,术后1、2和3 d血清PAI-1水平;术后随访1年时间,根据患者是否发生股骨头坏死将患者分为坏死组和无坏死组;在术后1年收集所有患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)、西安大略麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)和Harris髋关节评分(HHS)情况;比较坏死组和无坏死组患者的临床信息和术前、术后血清PAI-1水平差异,明确股骨头坏死的相关风险因素并进行Logistic回归分析;探究术后血清PAI-1水平与患者VAS、WOMAC和HHS之间的关系;绘制血清PAI-1作为股骨头坏死预测指标的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,明确其预测价值。结果 坏死组和无坏死组Garden分型、复位质量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),坏死组术后1、2 d血清PAI-1水平均高于无坏死组(P<0.05);患者术后1、2 d血清PAI-1水平与VAS和WOMAC呈正相关(P<0.05),与HHS呈负相关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,术后1、2 d血清PAI-1水平升高是股骨头坏死的危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,术后2 d血清PAI-1水平相较于术后1 d血清PAI-1水平预测价值更高,术后2 d血清PAI-1水平预测股骨头坏死的最佳截断值为44.8 ng/L,灵敏度为68.49%,特异度为86.36%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.807。结论 股骨颈骨折内固定术后1、2 d血清PAI-1水平可用于预测术后股骨头坏死的发生,尤其是术后2 d血清PAI-1水平。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of femoral head necrosis after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture,and to clarify the predictive role of serological index plasminogen activator inhibitors-1(PAI-1)on femoral head necrosis.Methods A total of 95 patients undergoing internal fixation for femoral neck fracture were included in the study.Relevant clinical information of patients was obtained and the serum PAI-1 levels of the patients before surgery,1,2,and 3 days after surgery were detected.After 1-year follow-up,patients were divided into necrosis group and non-necrosis group according to the occurrence of femoral head necrosis.Visual Analog Scale(VAS),Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC),and Harris Hip Score(HHS)were conducted in all patients one year after the surgery.The differences of basic clinical information and serum PAI-1 levels before and after the surgery between necrosis group and non-necrosis group were compared,and Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relevant risk factors for femoral head necrosis.The relationships between the PAI-1 level after operation and the VAS,WOMAC,and HHS scores of patients were figured out.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of serum PAI-1 as a predictive indicator for femoral head necrosis was drawn to clarify its predictive value.Results Garden classification and reduction quality between the necrosis group and the non-necrosis group were risk factors for femoral head necrosis(P<0.05).The serum PAI-1 at 1 day and 2 days after surgery in the necrosis group were significantly higher than that in the non-necrosis group(P<0.05).The level of PAI-1 at 1 day and 2 days after surgery was positively correlated with VAS and WOMAC(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with HHS(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of serum PAI-1 level at 1 day and 2 days after surgery were risk factors for femoral head necrosis(P<0.05).The ROC curve showed that serum PAI-1 level at 2 days after surgery had higher predictive value than that at 1 day after surgery,and the cut-off value was 44.8 ng/L,the sensitivity was 68.49%,the specificity was 86.36%,and the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.807.Conclusion The serum PAI-1 level at 1 day and 2 days after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture could be used to predict the occurrence of femoral head necrosis,especially the serum PAI-1 levels at 2 days after surgery.