民法典法源适用冲突及消解——兼论二元差序化法源适用模式的建构

Conflict and Elimination of Applicable Sources of the Civil Code:Construction of Binary Differential Ordering Mode

针对民法典法源适用的冲突,现行的民法典法源顺位适用模式采用“法律→习惯→法理/基本原则”的顺位适用路径,形成了制定法在司法适用中的强势地位,挤占了习惯的司法适用空间。根本原因是立法者对民法典法源适用冲突的理解出现偏差。民法典法源适用冲突并非法律与习惯的同时存在造成的,而是同一法源内部之间、不同法源之间的民事规范针对同一调整对象的调整内容不一致,导致了不同的法律结果。民法典二元差序化法源适用模式可以克服法源顺位适用的弊端,它以法律与习惯为其法源,结合利益博弈论的相关原理,基于同一法源内部之间的纵向民事规范、不同法源之间的横向民事规范,针对具体个案进行差序化地动态调试,以恢复习惯的生机与活力,更好地指引民事司法实践。

With regard to the conflict in applicable sources of the Civil Code,the current application of the sources of the Civil Code follows the order of“law→custom→jurisprudence/fundamental principles”,which creates the strong dominance of the judicial application of the enactment of the law,and occupies the space for the judicial application of the custom.The fundamental reason lies in the understanding deviation of the conflict in applicable sources of the Civil Code.The conflict of applicable sources of the Civil Code is not caused by the simultaneous existence of law and custom,but the inconsistency of the adjustment for the same object pursuant to the same sources of law or different sources of civil norms,resulting in different legal results.Differential ordering mode of the Civil Code takes law and custom as its sources and combines the relevant principles of“game theory of interests”.Based on the vertical civil norms within the same sources of law and the horizontal civil norms within different sources of law,it carries out differential and dynamic adjustment for specific cases,with a view to overcoming the drawbacks of the application of the sources of law and restoring the vitality and vigor of the custom,so as to better guide the civil judicial practice.