多轴3D打印技术研究进展

Research progress of multi-axis 3D printing technology

3D打印技术通过逐层堆积的方式成型,克服了零件制造的几何限制,受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。但这种定向构建方式会导致零件存在阶梯效应,强度不足且需要添加支撑结构等一系列问题。为了解决传统层式打印存在的问题,研究人员开发了多轴3D打印技术。多轴3D打印技术使用多自由度机器人对零件进行动态构建,克服了传统层式打印的限制,显示出了极高的零件制造灵活性。鉴于此,对多轴3D打印技术进行了回顾,首先分析了传统3D打印存在的一些问题,然后综述了多轴3D打印技术的研究进展,包括多轴3D打印技术在路径规划、零件力学性改善、去支撑化、消除阶梯效应以及大尺寸打印上的研究概况。最后探讨了多轴3D打印技术目前存在的问题和未来可能发展的方向。

3D printing technology can overcome the geometric limitations of parts manufacturing through directional layering,which has attracted significant attention from academia and industry.However,this directional construction method has caused a series of problems such as the staircase effect,insufficient strength and supporting structure requirements of the parts.To solve the traditional layer printing problems,the multi-axis 3D printing technology was developed,which dynamically constructed parts with multi-degree-of-freedom robots to solve the limitations of traditional layered printing and illustrate the flexibility of robots to manufacture parts.The multi-axis 3D printing technology was reviewed.Some problems existing in traditional 3D printing were analyzed first,and then the research progress of multi-axis 3D printing technology was summarized,including the research status of multi-axis 3D printing technology to path planning,mechanical properties improvement of parts,non-supported printing,staircase effect elimination and realize large-scale printing realization.The current problems and the future development of multi-axis 3D printing technology were discussed.