广西植物标本馆馆藏模式标本现状与分析

Statistical analysis of type specimens in the herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany

模式标本是植物分类和命名的依据和凭证,也是植物资源保护与持续利用的重要基本资料。为提高模式标本的管理水平,促进其充分利用和互惠共享,该文对广西植物标本馆(IBK)馆藏模式标本的种类组成、采集地、采集年代及采集人等方面进行了统计和分析。结果表明:(1)本馆完成信息数字化的模式标本共计4645号,5736份,隶属于170科619属2128种(含种下等级),馆藏模式标本收集的优势科有樟科、苦苣苔科、茜草科、山茶科、兰科、荨麻科、百合科、猕猴桃科、大戟科、柿科和杜鹃花科等,优势属有秋海棠属、蜘蛛抱蛋属、马兜铃属、紫金牛属和冬青属等。(2)模式标本分别采自中国的20个省(区、市)以及其他2个国家,模式标本采集较多的省区有广西(48.19%)、海南(24.14%)和广东(11.63%)。(3)历年模式标本采集高峰期在20世纪30年代和50年代,模式标本命名高峰期在20世纪80年代,与我国植物分类学的兴起,以及开展《中国植物志》编研等有关,模式标本的橱柜时间(标本采集到命名的时间间隔)平均为21年,橱柜时间最长为82年。该文还对模式标本的馆藏现状及数字化工作进行了讨论和展望。

Type specimens are not only the basis and evidence of plant classification,but also important basic data for the protection and sustainable utilization of plant resources.In order to promote the full utilization and reciprocal sharing of type specimens in IBK,the composition,collecting locality,collecting date and collector of specimens were counted and analysed respectively.The results were as follows:(1)Based on the digital information of 4645 collections and 5736 herbarium type specimens in IBK,there were 2128 species of vascular plants among them,which belonged to 619 genera and 170 families(include subspecies,varieties and forms),the dominant families in the collection of type specimens include Lauraceae,Gesneriaceae,Rubiaceae,Theaceae,Orchidaceae,Urticaceae,Liliaceae,Actinidiaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Ebenaceae,Ericaceae,etc.,the dominant genera include Begonia,Aspidistra,Aristolochia,Ardisia,Ilex,etc.;(2)The type specimens were collected from 20 provinces,autonomous regions,municipalities and special administrative regions of China and two other countries.More type specimens were collected from Guangxi(48.19%),Hainan(24.14%)and Guangdong(11.63%).(3)The type specimen collection reached the peak in the 1930s and 1950s,and the peak of type specimen naming was in the 1980s,which was related to the rise of plant taxonomy in China and the compilation and research of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,the average shelf time for type specimens was 21 years,and the longest shelf time was 82 years.The collection and digitization of type specimens are also discussed and prospected.