基于对应语料库的《政府工作报告》中情态动词“要”的德译研究

On German Translation of Modal Verb Yao in Report on the Work of the Government Based on Parallel Corpora

汉语情态动词“要”是现代汉语词频最高的情态动词,在政治文献中十分常见。为了向汉语政治文献德语翻译的学习和实践提供参考,该文自建2019—2023《政府工作报告》汉德对应语料库,通过检索和统计,证实汉语情态动词“要”在近5年《政府工作报告》中仍是最常用的情态动词,发现译者使用显化的翻译策略,将“要”翻译为sollen,müssen,es gilt等十余种不同的德语情态动词和结构,其中,情态动词sollen和müssen的占比分别位列第一和第二。此外,该文还考察了译者在“要”的德译工作中落实显化策略的规律,并分析了其背后的动因。

The Chinese modal verb yao is of the highest frequency among all modal verbs in modern Chinese and is extensively used in political literature.With the purpose of providing reference for the study and practice of the German translation of Chinese political literature,this paper establishes the parallel corpora of Chinese-German translation of Report on the Work of the Government 2019-2023.Through retrieval and statistics based on the parallel corpora,it is confirmed that the Chinese modal verb yao is still the most common modal verb in Report in the past five years.This paper finds that yao has been explicitly translated into more than ten different German modal verbs and structures such as sollen,müssen,and es gilt,among which the proportion of modal verbs sollen and müssen rank first and second respectively.In addition,the implementation of the explication in the Chinese-German translation of yao is examined and the translator’s motivation is then analyzed.