基于报刊语料库的德语双及物动词论元成分关系化的实证研究

An Empirical Research on the Relativization of the Arguments of German Ditransitive Verbs Based on Newspaper Corpus

该文基于德语DWDS语料库《时代周报》2012至2017年的语料数据,选取21个德语双及物动词,对以这些动词论元为中心语的3126个关系结构进行了定性与定量相结合的实证研究,一方面讨论了德语给予义、取得义、剥夺义和准予取义双及物动词论元成分在关系化能力上的差异程度,另一方面也探究了不同论元关系化时的句法关联特征。研究发现:(1)就此类动词的论元在关系化能力上的差异程度而言,施事超过与事的倾向最为突出,受事超过与事的倾向居于其次,而施事和受事之间则差别最小;(2)以此类动词施事为中心语的关系从句总与主动态共现,以受事/与事为中心语的关系从句还跟与之频繁共现的过程被动态有较强的正相关。

Based on the data in the DWDS newspaper corpus“Die Zeit”from 2012 to 2017,this thesis selects 21 German ditransitive verbs and studies 3126 relative clause constructions with the arguments of these verbs as the relativized syntactic head by adopting a qualitative as well as quantitative empirical approach.On the one hand,this thesis compares the relativization ability of the arguments of German ditransitive verbs expressing meanings including GIVE,TAKE,DEPRIVE and realis transfer with implied irrealis transfer.On the other hand,it also investigates the cooccurring syntactic features when different arguments are relativized.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In terms of the different relativization ability of the arguments of theses verbs,the tendency for Agent to outrank Recipient is the most significant,followed by the tendency for Patient to surpass Recipient,while the difference between Agent und Patient is the smallest;(2)Relative clauses with Agent as their head always use the active voice,whereas relative clauses with Patient and Recipient as the head also show a relatively stronger correlation with the frequently cooccurring passive voice using the auxiliary"werden".