山东巧女故事的类型分析与儒家文化透视

Type Analysis and Confucian Cultural Perspective on the Stories of Skilled Women in Shandong Province

巧女故事是民间故事的一个类型,以表现女性的才智、口才与理解力为主题。学界在巧女故事的故事范型、角色类型、思想基础及艺术特征等方面研究成果丰富。但山东巧女故事在故事类型、巧女形象、文化意蕴等方面有待研究。《中国民间故事集成·山东卷》中共有18则巧女故事,分为善处事型、善说话型、善理解型三类,体现了山东巧女在“心、口、智”方面的综合之“巧”。“仁者爱人”“和为贵”、敬养父母、“积极入世”、陋巷箪瓢的儒家思想在山东巧女故事中表征为维护家庭稳定和谐、处事心态乐观开朗、生活勤俭自强的价值标准与处事原则。该文对山东民间故事的类型研究、儒家文化的民间形态研究以及儒家文化与民间信仰的互动关系研究有一定意义。

The skillful women story is a type of folk story,which takes the talent,eloquence and understanding of women as the theme.The academic circles have made rich achievements in the research of the story pattern,role type,ideological basis and artistic characteristics of clever girl stories.But the story of Shandong skilled women needs to be studied in the aspects of story type,image and cultural implication.There are a total of 18 stories in Shandong Volume of Chinese Folk Tales,which are divided into three categories:good at doing things,good at speaking and good at understanding,reflecting the"intelligence"of Shandong clever women in the aspects of"heart,mouth and wisdom".The Confucian thoughts of"benevolent lover","harmony is precious",respecting adoptive parents,"actively entering the world",and living in rough alley are represented in the story of Shandong clever women as the value standard and principle of maintaining family stability and harmony,optimistic and cheerful attitude,and hardworking and self-strengthening.This paper has a certain significance for the study of the types of Shandong folk stories,the study of the folk forms of Confucian culture and the study of the interaction between Confucian culture and folk beliefs.