花椒精油纳米乳的制备及其对赤拟谷盗防治效果的研究

Development of Nanoemulsions Loaded with Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Essential Oil and Their Insecticidal Activity against Tribolium Castaneum

植物源农药研究开发是新农药创制的重要途径,高效、可调控的农药剂型则日渐成为实现该目标的关键手段和研究热点。本研究以对赤拟谷盗成虫具有良好生物活性的花椒精油为研究对象,选用生物安全性较高的Tween和Span系列非离子型表面活性剂为乳化剂,分别采用自乳化法和超声高能乳化法制备具有良好稳定性的花椒精油纳米乳液,定性定量表征其理化性质,并进一步测定其对赤拟谷盗的室内生物活性。研究结果表面,花椒精油纳米乳液对赤拟谷盗具有良好的触杀和熏蒸活性,驱避活性不明显。与花椒精油相比,纳米乳液对其生物活性的提高并不明显,但通过延长处理时间,发现花椒精油纳米乳液可在较长时间内维持对赤拟谷盗较高生物活性。这可能是由于纳米乳液的包封作用,降低了花椒精油中有效活性成分的挥发速度,可保证其在室内环境下缓慢释放,以达到良好的杀虫效果。

Botanical pesticide is a significant part of the new pesticide discovery researches.To achieve this aim,the efficient and controlled pesticide formulation has becoming the vital tools and research hotpost.In this study,the red flour beetle was selected due to its efficient toxic activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil.Biocompatible and nonionic surfactant(Tweens and Spans)were mixed as the surfactant.The Z.bungeanum essential oil nanoemulsions were prepared using the self-emulsification and high-energy ultrasonic methods,respectively.In addition,the physicochemical property and indoor bioactivity against T.castaneum were investigated.The results indicated that Z.bungeanum essential oil nanoemulsions had good contact and fumigation activity against the T.castaneum adult,while the repellent activity was not apparent.This result was similar with the bioactivity of the Z.bungeanum essential oil against.However,prolonging the treatment time,Z.bungeanum essential oil nanoemulsions can maintain a high-level insecticidal activity.This may be attributed to the encapsulation of nanoemulsion,which reduce the volatilization rate of active ingredient in Z.bungeanum essential oil,ensure the slower release rate in the room environment and achieve excellent insecticidal activity.