技术贸易壁垒与中国企业出口产品质量

Technical Barriers to Trade and Product Quality of Chinese Enterprises’Exports

随着贸易自由化的深入发展,全球关税税率已大幅下降,以技术贸易壁垒为主的非关税措施逐渐成为贸易保护的主要手段。面对中国遭受日益增多的技术贸易壁垒,企业出口产品质量会发生怎样的变化?本文基于中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库的匹配数据,结合WTO/TBT-SPS的技术贸易壁垒通报数据,以2000~2013年制造业26个细分行业的面板数据作为研究样本,考察技术贸易壁垒对企业出口产品质量的影响及作用渠道。研究发现:技术贸易壁垒显著提升了我国企业出口产品质量,且在考虑了样本选择偏差、滞后效应、极端值和内生性的影响后,回归结果依然稳健;一般贸易企业、私营企业和资本密集型行业企业更容易受到技术贸易壁垒的激励作用而实现出口产品质量升级;技术贸易壁垒对出口产品质量的影响可能通过提高出口强度和提升创新能力两个渠道实现。本文不仅有助于我们从另一个视角深入理解贸易自由化对企业出口绩效的影响,还为提升国内制造业出口竞争力、深度融入全球价值链和推动高质量发展提供了路径参考。

Improving the quality of enterprise export products is an important step for China to achieve a high level of opening up to the outside world.With the in-depth development of trade liberalization,global tariff rates have dropped significantly,and non-tariff measures,mainly technical barriers to trade(TBT),have gradually become an effective tool to protect the domestic market.In the face of the TBT that China is constantly suffering from,how will the quality of enterprise export products change?Based on the matched data from China's industrial enterprise database and customs database and WTO/TBT-SPS TBT notification data,this paper examines the impact of TBT on enterprises’export product quality and channels based on panel data of 26 manufacturing industry segments from 2000 to 2013 as research samples.The results show that TBT significantly improve the quality of export products.After accounting for the influence of sample selection bias,time lag effect and extreme value,the regression results remain significant.Heterogeneity analysis shows that general trade enterprises,private enterprises and capital-intensive industry enterprises are more susceptible to the incentive effect of TBT and achieve quality upgrading.Finally,export intensity and innovation capability are the two channels through which TBT drive the upgrading of export product quality.These findings not only contribute to an in-depth understanding of the impact of trade liberalization on the export performance of enterprises,but also provide a reference basis for enhancing the competitiveness of domestic manufacturing exports,deeply integrating into the global value chain and promoting high-quality development.