国内外城市职住平衡研究进展

A Literature Review of Work-Housing Balance Domestic and Abroad

居住和就业空间是城市重要的功能,其组合形态的变化不仅反映了社会经济的变迁,同时也对城市空间治理提出挑战。以Web of science和中国知网中对职住平衡相关研究进行文献检索,并在此基础上的文献进行可视化图谱分析,最后分主题进行研究脉络梳理。研究发现:1.研究偏好:国外关注人的社会经济行为如何影响职住平衡,如家庭结构、文化价值、种族差异等对职住空间关系的影响;国内更偏向技术及物质空间方面对职住平衡的影响,探究职住平衡内在机理及影响因素;2.研究时段:国外经历“初始期-发展期-成熟期”后,关于职住平衡研究已趋于成熟,国内虽在1999~2007年研究相对缓慢,随“大数据热”研究深入,研究领域和深度也明显提高;3.研究内容:测度方面,国外有较为完整的理论体系及测度,国内多数基于国外的理论基础;尺度方面,国外尺度标准较为完善,国内受行政边界影响研究受限;空间错配方面,国外基于种族歧视导向进行研究,国内基于农民工、流动人口导向进行研究;空间结构方面,国外归纳的“5D”研究已经日渐完善,国内“单中心”与“多中心”城市研究步入正轨。

Working and living are basic functions of city.Their spatial relationship not only reflects the social and economic changes,but also poses a challenge to urban space governance.Literature search on job-housing balance was carried out on Web of science and CNKI,and visualization map analysis was conducted based on the literature.Finally,research context was sorted by topic.The research findings are as follows:1)Research preference:foreign countries pay attention to how people’s social and economic behaviors affect job-housing balance,such as the influence of family structure,cultural values,differences in breeding pigs,etc.,on job-housing and air-space relationship;The influence of technology and material space on job-housing balance in China is more focused on exploring the internal mechanism and influencing factors of job-housing balance.2)Research period:After experiencing“initial period-development period-maturity period”in foreign countries,research on job-housing balance has become mature.Although domestic research was developing relatively slow from 1999 to 2007,the research field and depth also improved significantly with the deepening of“big data fever”research.3)Research content:In terms of measurement,there are relatively complete theoretical systems and measures abroad,and most of the domestic theories are based on foreign theories;In terms of scale,foreign scale standards are relatively all-encompassing,but domestic research is limited by the influence of administrative boundaries.In terms of spatial mismatch,studies abroad are based on the orientation of racial discrimination,while studies in China are based on the orientation of migrant workers and floating population.In terms of spatial structure,the“5D”studies summarized abroad have been gradually improved,and the domestic“single-center”and“multi-center”urban studies are maturing.