大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的相关性

Relationship between psychological health of college students and parental rearing styles,social responsibility,and life attitudes

目的:研究大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的关系,为大学生心理健康干预提供参考依据。方法:采用整群抽样法,选取3所高校一、二、三3个年级大学生共1542名为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、父母教养方式量表(Parental Bonding Instrument,PBI)、大学生社会责任感问卷、生命态度量表、一般健康问卷(General Health Questionnaire-20,CHQ-20)进行调查。结果:单因素结果显示,心理健康评分、生命态度评分及父母养育方式中父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主、父母控制评分在留守经历、成长地、独生子女、贫困生、家庭结构方面存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同人口学特征的大学生社会责任感评分差异无统计学意义。Pearson相关分析显示,大学生心理健康与社会责任感呈负相关性(r=-0.318,P<0.05),与生命态度呈负相关性(r=-0.578,P<0.05),与父母养育方式中分维度父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主评分呈负相关性(r=-0.428,-0.443;P<0.05),与父母控制维度评分呈正相关性(r=0.365,P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,大学生有留守经历、成长地为农村、非独生子女、单亲或其他家庭、家庭贫困、父母关爱评分低、父母鼓励评分低、父母控制评分高、生命态度评分低,则心理健康水平低(P<0.05)。结论:大学生心理健康整体处于良好状态,与父母养育方式、生命态度有关。

Objective:To study the relationship between mental health of college students and parental rearing patterns,social responsibility,and life attitudes,in order to provide reference for psychological health interventions for college students.Methods:A total of 1542 college students from grade one,two and three in a university in Nantong city were selected by cluster sampling.General information questionnaire,parenting style(PBI),college students'social responsibility questionnaire,life state scale,and general health questionaire-20(CHQ-20)were used to investigate the participants.Results:The single factor results showed that there were significant differences in psychological health scores,life attitude scores,and parental care scores,parental encouragement and autonomy scores,and parental control scores in terms of left behind experience,upbringing place,only child,impoverished students,and family structure(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the scores of social responsibility of college students with different demographic characteristics.Pearson correlation analysis showed that college students'mental health was negatively correlated with their sense of social responsibility(r=-0.318,P<0.05),negatively correlated with their attitude towards life(r=-0.578,P<0.05),negatively correlated with their parental care scores and parental encouragement and autonomy scores(r=-0.428,-0.443;P<0.05),and positively correlated with their parental control scores(r=0.365,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that college students with left-behind experience,growing up in rural areas,non-only child,single parent or other families,family poverty,low score of parental care,low score of parental encouragement,high score of parental control and low score of life attitude were associated with low mental health level(P<0.05).Conclusion:The mental health of college students is in a good state as a whole,which is related to the parenting style and life attitude of parents.