自我同情对大学生情绪问题的纵向影响:基本心理需要满足的双重作用模型

Longitudinal impact of self-compassion on emotional issues among college students:A dual-role model of basic psychological needs satisfaction

目的:基于自我决定理论,考察自我同情对大学生情绪问题的影响及其作用机制。方法:以553名大学生为被试,采用自我同情量表、基本心理需要满足量表、健康问卷-抑郁量表和焦虑量表进行时间间隔为6个月的两次施测。结果:(1)自我同情可以显著负向预测抑郁(β=-0.38,P<0.001)和焦虑(β=-0.34,P<0.001);(2)基本心理需要满足在自我同情与大学生抑郁、焦虑的路径间起中介作用,Bootstrap值分别为-0.28、-0.23,95%的置信区间分别为[-0.42,-0.14]、[-0.40,-0.09];(3)基本心理需要满足在自我同情与大学生抑郁之间起调节作用(β=0.13,P<0.01)。结论:基本心理需要满足在自我同情和大学生情绪问题间存在“双重作用”。一方面,自我同情可以通过基本心理需要满足间接影响大学生抑郁和焦虑;另一方面,基本心理需要满足调节了自我同情与大学生抑郁间的关系,随着基本心理需要满足水平的升高,自我同情对大学生抑郁的预测作用有所降低。

Objective:Based on self-determination theory,this study aimed to examine the influence and mechanisms of self-compassion on emotional problems among college students.Methods:A total of 553 college students participated as subjects in two assessments conducted with a 6-month time interval,using the Self-Compassion Scale,Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale,Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Scale.Results:1 Self-compassion significantly predicted depression(β=-0.38,P<0.001)and anxiety(β=-0.34,P<0.001);2Basic psychological needs satisfaction mediated the relationship between self-compassion and depression/anxiety in college students,with bootstrap values of-0.28 and-0.23,and 95%confidence intervals of[-0.42,-0.14]and[-0.40,-0.09],respectively;③Basic psychological needs satisfaction moderated the relationship between self-compassion and college student depression(β=0.13,P<0.01).Conclusion:The results of this study supports the"dual role"of basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between self-compassion and emotional problems in college students.On the one hand,self-compassion can indirectly influence depression and anxiety in college students through basic psychological needs satisfaction;on the other hand,basic psychological needs satisfaction moderated the relationship between self-compassion and depression in college students.As the level of basic psychological needs satisfaction increases,the predictive effect of self-compassion on depression in college students decreases.