电推进系统空心阴极发射体材料的研究与开发进展

Recent Advances in Research and Development of Emissive Materials for Hollow Cathodes of Electric Propulsion Systems

空心阴极作为电推力器的核心部件,其发射体材料的研究与开发一直是电推进领域研究的热点。从目前空心阴极的应用化角度来看,BaO-W阴极由于其发射电流密高、服役寿命长等特性,已经在电推力器中得到广泛应用并展示了出色的工作性能。LaB_(6)阴极由于其优异的热电子发射特性和高稳定性,它的研究与应用进一步推动电推进技术的发展。C12A7电子化合物阴极显示出出色的热电子发射性能同时其还具有较低的功函数,使其在电推进领域的应用极具潜力。未来,进一步研究和开发工作将有助于其在航天、卫星和深空探测等更广泛领域的应用。综上所述,BaO-W阴极,LaB_(6)阴极再到极具应用潜力的C12A7电子化合物阴极,发射体的热电子发射性能、工质中的放电行为及工作寿命等服役特性是决定空心阴极工作性能的关键因素。因此,文章总结了国内外发射体材料的研究现状及开发进展,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。

Hollow cathode is the core component of an electric thruster,and the research and development of its emitter material has been a hot spot in the field of electric propulsion.From the point of view of the application of hollow cathode at present,BaO-W cathode has been widely used in electric thrusters and has shown excellent performance because of its characteristics of high emission current density and long service life.The research and application of LaB_(6)cathode,due to its excellent thermal electron emission characteristics and high stability,further promote the development of electric propulsion technology.The C12A7 electride cathode shows excellent thermal electron emission performance and low work function,which makes it a potential application in the field of electric propulsion.In the future,further research and development work will contribute to its application in a wider range of fields,such as aerospace,satellite and deep space exploration.In summary,BaO-W cathode,LaB_(6)cathode and then C12A7 electride cathode with great application potential,the service characteristics of the emitter,such as thermal electron emission performance,discharge behavior in the working medium and working life are the key factors determining the working performance of hollow cathode.Therefore,the research status and development progress of emitter materials at home and abroad are summarized in this paper,and their future development prospects are prospected.