重点国有林区改革对职工福祉的影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of the Reform of Key State-owned Forest Areas onEmployees Well-being

基于重点国有林区500份职工调研数据,利用熵权法测度重点国有林区职工的福祉水平,运用OLS模型实证检验重点国有林区改革对职工福祉的影响,并基于分位数回归模型和渠道效应模型探究重点国有林区改革对职工福祉影响的异质性及其作用机理。研究结果表明:重点国有林区改革促进了职工福祉的提升,对中、低福祉水平职工的影响显著;职工的生态系统服务感知和可持续发展动能在重点国有林区改革与职工福祉水平提升之间发挥渠道作用。因此,应进一步精准落实生态保护政策、提供职工多元化生计策略支持并深挖潜在的职业发展机会,针对不同福祉水平的职工采取差异化政策以提高重点国有林区改革的职工福祉效应。

⑴Background——With the implementation of the Guiding Opinions on the Reform of State-owned Forest Areas in 2015,the“dual attributes”of resource-based state-owned enterprises are prominent,which lead to the increase of wage income of employees who originally depended on forests and chose part-time livelihood,thus leading to changes in the well-being of micro-subjects in state-owned forest areas.Integrating welfare indicators to test the reform effect of key state-owned forest areas and explore ways to improve well-being is conducive to steadily improving the well-being of employees and realizing the harmonious symbiotic development of man and nature.⑵Methods——This paper theoretically discussed the impact mechanism of the reform of key state-owned forest areas on employee well-being.Based on 500 micro-survey data of key state-owned forest areas,OLS model was used to estimate the direct impact of the reform of key state-owned forest areas on employee well-being.Quantile regression model and channel effect model were used to explore the heterogeneity and mechanism of employees with different well-being levels.⑶Results——Direct impact analysis and heterogeneity analysis show that the reform of key state-owned forest areas has a positive impact on employee well-being,and there is a significant difference in the impact on employees at different levels of well-being.The well-being impact effect is always positive with the change of quantile of employee well-being(10%~60%),and changes at 60%.This indicates that the reform of key state-owned forest areas has a significant positive impact on the employees with low well-being level,especially on the employees with low well-being level(10%).With the improvement of employees well-being(20%~60%),the impact of the reform of key state-owned forest areas on employees with low and medium well-being level decreases and is in a stable state of fluctuation,but there is no significant impact on employees with high well-being level.Channel effect analysis showed that the reform of key state-owned forest areas had a significant impact on employees ecosystem service perception and sustainable development momentum(P>0.01,P>0.01),but had no significant impact on household income diversity.Further analysis showed that there was a masking effect between the direct and indirect impacts of the reform of key state-owned forest areas and employees well-being.That is,part of the direct positive impact of the reform of key state-owned forest areas on the well-being of employees is masked by the negative impact of the reform of key state-owned forest areas on the well-being of employees through the perception of ecosystem services,sustainable development momentum and diversity of family operations.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——First,we will accurately implement ecological protection policies.In the long term,we will promote the complete cessation of commercial logging of natural forests,the construction of non-profit forests and the management and protection responsibility system,formulate detailed plans for the sustainable use of forest resources and the sustainable supply of ecological products,and encourage employees to choose production and management methods suitable for the use of ecosystem services,so as to reduce damage to forest ecosystems.Second,provide policy support for diversified livelihood of employees.On the one hand,expand wage income and household income channels.On the other hand,vocational training and job transfer will be provided to employees who lack vocational ability or have difficulty in finding part-time jobs.Third,explore the potential career development opportunities in key state-owned forest areas.Accelerate the transformation of employee identity,take the initiative to help employees integrate into an open and inclusive social environment,guide them to break the inherent thinking of dependence on Forest Industry Group,and strengthen their self-identity and self-worth.