基于两步法的植物油制备脂肪酸酰胺研究

Preparation of Fatty Acid Amide from Vegetable Oil Based on Two-Step Method

以植物油合成脂肪酸酰胺是实现生物质资源高值化利用的一种重要方式。本文开发了两步反应技术(碱催化甲酯化反应合成脂肪酸甲酯,脂肪酸甲酯发生酰胺化反应生成脂肪酸酰胺),以六种不同的植物油(菜籽油、棕榈油、花生油、橄榄油、大豆油和山茶油)为原料合成脂肪酸酰胺。以菜籽油为典型植物油原料,系统考察了酰胺化反应过程中温度、时间、氨气压力和硅胶用量等工艺参数的影响,得出最佳工艺条件:反应温度130℃、反应时间15 h、起始氨气压力0.5 MPa、硅胶0.6 wt%。在最佳工艺条件下,进一步以棕榈油、花生油、橄榄油、大豆油和山茶油为底物合成脂肪酸酰胺,结果表明所测植物油的棕榈酸酰胺、硬脂酸酰胺、油酸酰胺、亚油酸酰胺和亚麻酸酰胺产率在79.5%~96.6%之间。研究表明开发的两步法技术对不同植物油合成脂肪酸酰胺具有很好的普适性,为规模化应用不同种类植物油合成脂肪酸酰胺创造了条件。

Synthesis of fatty acid amide from vegetable oil is an important way to realize high value utilization of biomass resources.In this paper,a two-step reaction technique was developed to synthesize fatty acid methyl ester with base catalysis,and fatty acid methyl ester underwent amidation to produce fatty acid amide.Six different vegetable oils(canola oil,palm oil,peanut oil,olive oil,soybean oil and camellia oil)were used as raw materials to synthesize fatty acid amide.Taking rapeseed oil as a typical vegetable oil raw material,the effects of temperature,reaction time,ammonia pressure and silica gel dosage during amidation reaction were systematically investigated.The optimal process conditions were obtained:reaction temperature 130℃,reaction time 15 h,initial ammonia pressure 0.5 MPa,silica gel 0.6 wt%.Under the optimum conditions,fatty acid amides were synthesized from palm oil,peanut oil,olive oil,soybean oil and camellia oil.The results showed that the yields of palmitamide,stearamide,oleamide,linoleamides and linolenicamide in the tested vegetable oils ranged from 79.5%to 96.6%.The results show that the developed two-step method has a good universality to the synthesis of fatty acid amides from different vegetable oils,which creates conditions for the large-scale application of different kinds of vegetable oils to synthesize fatty acid amides.