两种极地压实雪层跑道设计方法

Discussion on design methods for polar compacted snow runways

极地跑道的建设可有效提高极地科考的后勤保障能力,而我国关于极地跑道设计的研究却鲜见报道。本文详细介绍了国外两种压实雪层跑道设计方法,分别是双层弹性体系法和实测经验法。双层弹性法是基于Burmister理论计算道面弯沉,而经验法则通过实测弯沉数据获得道面设计指标。以A320机型为例,采用两种方法做跑道设计并作对比研究。分析表明,双层弹性法优势在于同一弯沉标准可采用不同道面设计组合,局限在于未考虑单轮载重和荷载作用次数;经验法考虑了多种飞机参数,但弯沉标准10mm不可改变。通过对比发现,经验法考虑了更多的飞机参数,在相同弯沉标准下,其道面设计指标更高,且该方法在考虑弯沉的同时,也满足强度设计要求,故经验法设计较双层弹性法更科学和安全。该研究为我国极地压实雪层跑道的设计建设提供了重要借鉴思路。

As the world’s most powerful countries increase their investment in Antarctic scientific research,the construction of polar airports will play a significant role in ensuring aviation transportation.However,China’s research on the design of polar runways has rarely been reported.Here,two foreign methods of compacted snow runway design are introduced in detail,namely the double-layer elastic system method and the empirical method.The elastic method uses Burmister’s theory to calculate pavement deflection,whereas the empirical method obtains the pavement design index through measured deflection data.Taking the A320 aircraft as an example,a comparative analysis was performed of runways designed using these two methods.The advantage of the elastic method is that the same deflection standard can be used for different combinations of pavement design;the limitation is that single wheel load and the number of load actions are not considered.The empirical method considers a variety of aircraft parameters,but the deflection standard 10 mm cannot be changed.The comparison,indicated that the empirical method considers more aircraft parameters and,under the same deflection standard,the pavement design index of the empirical method was higher than that of the elastic method.Furthermore,the empirical method met strength design requirements while considering deflection.Thus,the empirical method design is deemed to be more scientific and safer than the elastic method.This study provides important reference data for the design and construction of polar compacted snow runways for China.