氧比控制对天然气法乙炔工艺的影响

Influence of Oxygen Ratio Control on Natural Gas Acetylene Process

本文从天然气部分氧化法制乙炔的基本反应原理出发,介绍了天然气制乙炔的工艺流程,探讨了作为原料气的氧气和天然气的比值(即氧比)对甲烷裂解反应过程及对乙炔装置工程设计的影响。裂解反应中氧比发生变化,会直接导致裂解反应生成的裂解气组分发生相应变化,从而影响最终的乙炔产品的产量以及副产合成气与高级炔气的量。本文通过对生产过程中高氧比和低氧比操作特点的分析对比,介绍了不同氧比控制下工艺方案、裂解炉设计、塔器设计以及管道设计等方面的差异,尤其是从不同氧比操作的生成物特性上重点分析了乙炔装置中关键的废水处理设施——炭黑分离系统的设计思路。同时,本文结合实践经验对工程设计中氧比发生变化时应采取的不同设计方案提出合理化建议。

Starting from the basic reaction principle of partial oxidation of natural gas to produce acetylene,this article introduces the process of production of acetylene from natural gas,and discusses the influence of oxygen-to-natural gas ratio( oxygen ratio) of the raw gas on methane pyrolysis and design of acetylene plant.Changes in the oxygen ratio in pyrolysis reaction will directly lead to corresponding changes in the components of the cracked gas generated in the reaction,thereby affecting the yield of the final acetylene product and the amount of by-products such as syngas and higher-acetylene-gas.Through the analysis and comparison of the operating features of high and low oxygen ratios in the production process,this article introduces the differences in process,pyrolysis burner design,column design,and pipeline design under different oxygen ratios,especially focuses on the design thinking of the key wastewater treatment facility in acetylene plant( carbon separation system) from the features of the products under varying oxygen ratios.At the same time,combined with practical experience,rational suggestions and reminders are proposed for different design schemes to be adopted when oxygen ratio changes in engineering design.