人工时代的自然写作与童年写作——论伯内特儿童小说“中间风景”的双重表达

Nature Writing and Childhood Writing in the Age of Industrialisation--On the Dual Expression of“Middle Landscape”in Burnett’s Children’s Novels

“中间风景”的内涵自诞生后经历了多次拓展,无论是郊野地带还是城市中的人塑景观,都呈现了田园理想的现代化表达:它显示出人类在被工业化生产割裂的状况下,在与自然关联缺失的窘境下,试图凝练与还原理想风景的努力。伯内特的儿童小说以孩童的视野体察了“中间风景”这一文化概念的多样化存在形式,并揭示其现实价值:它为身陷现代性危机的人类提供了逃逸与恢复的空间,亦帮助人类在其中建立起生态意识与平等意识,进而逃离碎片化的人生,获得确切的完整性。此外,经由伯内特对童年田园牧歌般的想象,孩童和风景的同构性与亲缘性得以映现,孩童或童年记忆也构建了人们逃避现代性困境的重要领地,成为“中间风景”一词别样的表达。不过,伯内特同时也看到了“中间风景”概念的内在矛盾性与局限性,并对将二者作为规训对象和理想载体的命运提出了质疑。

The connotation of“middle landscape”has been expanded many times since its birth.Whether it is the countryside or the human-shaped landscape in the city,it presents a modern expression of the pastoral ideal.It shows mankind’s attempt to con⁃dense and restore the ideal landscape under the dilemma of being cut off by industrialized production and the lack of connection with nature.Burnett’s children’s novels observe the diverse forms of existence of the cultural concept of“middle landscape”from children’s point of view and reveal its practical value:it provides a space for human beings caught up in the crisis of modernity to escape and recover,and it also helps human beings to establish ecological awareness and a sense of equality in the space,so that they can escape from a fragmented life and obtain a precise integrity.In addition,in Burnett’s idyllic imagination of childhood,the isomorphism and closeness of children and landscape are presented.Children or childhood memories also constitute an important territory for people to escape the dilemma of modernity,becoming a unique expression of the term“middle landscape”.However,Burnett also recognized the inherent contradictions and limitations of the concept of midlle landscape and questioned their fate as objects of discipline and mapping of adult ideals.