哮喘孕妇的母婴不良妊娠结局研究现状

Current research status on adverse pregnancy outcomes of maternal and infant in pregnant women with asthma

支气管哮喘(bronchial asthma),也被临床简称为哮喘(asthma),是孕妇最常见呼吸系统疾病之一。全世界目前有8%~13%女性罹患哮喘,3%~12%女性孕期出现哮喘急性发作。孕妇哮喘急性发作对胎儿生长、发育可能产生不利影响,并且与低出生体重儿、小于胎龄儿、早产等胎儿不良妊娠结局有关。通过研究孕期哮喘对于母体与胎儿的影响,或可揭示哮喘发作的生理机制,早期识别孕期哮喘合并症,从而对该病患者进行及时诊疗,避免因哮喘导致不良妊娠结局。因此,笔者拟围绕:①孕期哮喘定义、诊断与监测方法;②影响孕妇哮喘发生的呼吸系统潜在机制;③哮喘孕妇常见母、婴不良妊娠结局;④哮喘孕妇的产科管理4个方面,对于孕期哮喘的最新研究现状进行阐述,旨在为临床对孕期哮喘的进一步研究提供参考。

Bronchial asthma,or simply being called as asthma,is a prevalent respiratory disorder among pregnant women.Globally,8%to 13%women currently suffer from asthma,with 3%to 12%experiencing acute asthma episodes during pregnancy.Acute exacerbations of pregnant women with asthma may adversely affect foetal growth and development and have been associated with adverse foetal pregnancy outcomes,such as low birth weight infant,small for gestational age infant and preterm birth.Delving into effects of asthma during pregnancy on both mother and fetus can shed light on physiological mechanisms underlying asthma attacks,identify comorbidities,and facilitate timely treatment to prevent adverse outcomes.This review primarily focuses on four aspects.①The definition,diagnosis,and monitoring of asthma during pregnancy.②Respiratory mechanisms influencing asthma development in pregnant women.③Common adverse maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with asthma.④Obstetric management of pregnant women with asthma.Its aim is to provide a valuable reference for further clinical studies on asthma during pregnancy.