不同品种油茶壳皂素比较研究

Comparative Study on Structure and Properties of Saponin in Different Varieties of Camellia oleifera Abel

目的:研究湘林、华鑫、小果三种油茶品种油茶壳中皂素的结构与性能差异,为油茶壳高值化利用提供理论依据。方法:以油茶壳为原料,采用无水乙醇为溶剂,料液比1∶10(g/mL),在60℃下浸提9 h提取皂素,通过高效液相色谱法、红外光谱法及吊片法等比较三种品种油茶皂素表面活性及结构上的差异。结果:不同品种间油茶皂素含量和表面活性差异较显著,湘林、华鑫、小果壳中粗皂素得率分别为23.58%、21.88%和19.21%,粗皂素中皂苷含量分别为48.53%、45.60%和39.73%;湘林油茶皂素含量最高,临界胶束浓度值最低,为4.02 g/L,表面张力为42.6 mN/m,表面活性最好;华鑫油茶皂素具有较好的乳化能力和乳液稳定性。结论:综上可知不同品种油茶壳皂素差异较显著(P<0.05)。湘林油茶壳皂素适宜用作表面活性剂,华鑫油茶壳皂素适宜用作乳化剂进行综合利用。

Objective:To study the differences of structure and properties of saponins in Camellia oleifera Abel shells of Xianglin,Huaxin and Xiaoguo,and to provide theoretical basis for high-value utilization of C.oleifera shells.Methods:Saponins were extracted from C.oleifera shells using anhydrous ethanol as solvent with a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶10(g/mL).The saponins were extracted at 60℃for 9 h.The differences in surface activity and structure of three C.oleifera varieties were compared by high performance liquid chromatography,infrared spectroscopy and drop plate method.Results:There were significant differences in saponin content and surface activity among different varieties.The crude saponin yield from Xianglin,Huaxin and Xiaoguo shells was 23.58%,21.88%and 19.21%,and the saponin content was 48.53%,45.60%and 39.73%,respectively.The highest content of saponin was found in Xianglin,the lowest critical micelle concentration was 4.02 g/L,the surface tension was 42.6 mN/m,and the surface activity was the best.Huaxin C.oleifera shell saponin had good emulsifying ability and emulsion stability.Conclusion:In conclusion,the difference of saponin in different varieties of C.oleifera shell is significant(P<0.05).Xianglin C.oleifera shell saponin is suitable for surfactant,and Huaxin C.oleifera shell saponin is suitable as emulsifier for comprehensive utilization.