劳动力再生产领域的资本化及其效应——基于对西方“人力资本”理论的批判

Capitalization in the Field of Labor Reproduction and Its Effect:Based on the Critique of the Human Capital Theory

面对资本积累过程中的危机,当代资本主义社会将劳动力再生产领域收编为资本积累的领域,“人力资本”理论的兴起是其在意识形态上的反映,劳动在此视域下不仅是商品,而且是“资本”。“人力资本”理论恰恰掩盖了资本通过对劳动力再生产领域的垄断对劳动进行二次盘剥,这种盘剥形式被巴里巴尔称为不同于“形式从属”和“实际从属”的“总体从属”,其现实基础是当代资本主义所推动的公共事业私有化,劳动力再生产的成本由此被冠冕堂皇地追加到劳动者身上。资本一方面在教育、医疗等劳动力再生产领域盘剥劳动者的工资,迫使劳动者仅仅为了获得为资本增殖服务的机会而将工资的一部分交给资本;另一方面则通过在生产中剥削这些因所谓“人力资本投资”而具备更高生产素质的劳动者来提高资本积累的效率,收割更多剩余价值。当代资本主义社会通过将劳动力再生产领域转变为资本积累的空间从而转移了资本的界限。对此,社会需要在遏制资本在劳动力再生产领域的野蛮生长的同时,重视教育、医疗等公共事业发展的自主性,谨防外国资本利用劳动力再生产领域的垄断及其话语霸权占有剩余劳动。

In the face of the crisis in the process of capital accumulation,contemporary capitalist society has incorporated the field of labor force reproduction into the field of capital accumulation.The rise of the theory of“human capital”is an ideological reflection of it;From this perspective,labor is not only a commodity,but also“capital”.The theory of“human capital”precisely conceals the secondary exploitation of labor by capital through its monopoly on the field of labor reproduction,which Baribar calls“total subordination”different from“formal subordination”and“actual subordination”,and its actual basis is the privatization of public utilities promoted by contemporary capitalism;The cost of labor reproduction was thus added to the laborer.On the one hand,capital exploits the wages of laborers in the fields of labor reproduction such as education and medical care,forcing laborers to give part of their wages to capital only to obtain the opportunity to serve the multiplication of capital;On the other hand,by exploiting these workers with higher production quality due to socalled“human capital investment”in production,the efficiency of capital accumulation is improved and more surplus value is harvested.Contemporary capitalist society shifts the boundaries of capital by transforming the sphere of labor reproduction into a space for capital accumulation;In this regard,society needs to curb the barbaric growth of capital in the field of labor reproduction,attach importance to the autonomy of the development of public undertakings such as education and medical care,and beware of foreign capital using the monopoly in the field of labor reproduction and its discursive hegemony to occupy surplus labor.