日本护宪运动的历史演变及其影响因素

The Historical Evolution and Its Influencing Factors of the Constitution Maintenance Movement in Japan

日本国内的修宪与护宪之争,贯穿于和平宪法问世以来的整个战后历史进程。针对保守势力掀起的修宪浊浪,日本革新势力持续发动了声势浩大的护宪运动,留下了“缘起”“发轫”“勃兴”“高涨”“式微”曲折演变的轨迹。日本保守势力的修宪图谋尤其“明文修宪”目标之所以时至今日未能达成,主要就是日本共产党、社会党、“九条会”等左翼党团领导国民长期不懈斗争的结果。在和平宪法命运堪忧的当前形势下,就日本护宪运动的历史演变及其影响因素进行纵向梳理和横向分析,就修宪派日趋强势与护宪派日渐式微的博弈态势予以准确把脉,当有重要学术价值和现实意义。

The dispute between the amendment and maintenance of the Constitution in Japan runs through the whole post-war historical process since the establishment of the Peace Constitution.With the increasingly turbulent wave of constitutional amendment caused by the conservative forces,the constitutional maintenance movement carried out by the Japanese revolutionary forces has successively experienced the twists and turns of“origin”,“beginning”,“prosperity”,“rise”and“decline”.The reason why the Japanese conservative forces’attempt to amend the Constitution,especially the goal of“Amending the Constitution in clear text”,has not been achieved so far is mainly the result of the long-term unremitting struggle of the left-wing party groups and progressives such as the Japanese Communist Party,the Socialist Party and the“Article Nine Association”.Under the current situation that the fate of the Peace Constitution is worrying,it is of great academic value and practical significance to carry out a longitudinal review and comprehensive summary of the evolution of the Constitution maintenance movement and its experience and lessons,and to accurately understand the situation between the increasingly strong constitutional revisionists and the declining constitutional defenders.