新型农业经营主体参与乡村治理:发生机制、历史逻辑与提升路径

New Agricultural Business Entities Participate in Rural Governance:Occurrence Mechanism,Historical Logic and Improvement Path

乡村是国家治理体系的基本单位,乡村治理发展关系到国家治理体系和治理能力现代化目标的实现。农地“三权分置”改革促进乡村农地流转,有利于新型农业经营主体的形成,而新型农业经营主体规模化、多元化、专业化和市场化等特征重塑了乡村外部环境与内部结构。本文首先提出一个新型农业经营主体参与乡村治理的分析框架,阐释其发生机制;其次梳理新中国成立以来农业经营主体和乡村治理模式的历史演变,考察新型农业经营主体嵌入乡村治理的历史必然性;最后在分析现阶段新型农业经营主体参与乡村治理所面临的挑战之后,提出重视社会化服务减少贫富差距、培养具有契约精神的新农民、明确多元治理主体权责义务,以及提高向心力培育乡村利益共同体等方面的乡村治理效能提升路径。

The countryside is the basic unit of national governance system.The development of rural governance is strongly related to the achievement of modernizing national governance system and governance capacity.The reform of tripartite entitlement system of agricultural land promotes the transfer of rural land and the formation of new agricultural business entities.We firstly proposes an analytical framework for the participation of new agricultural business entities in rural governance and explains its occurrence mechanism.Then we compare the historical evolution of agricultural business entities and ru⁃ral governance models since 1949,and examine the historical inevitability of new agricultural business entities in rural governance.Finally,based on the analysis of the challenges faced by new agricultural business entities in rural governance at the present stage,we propose the path to improve the effective⁃ness of rural governance such as,emphasizing social services to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor,cultivating new farmers with contractual spirit,clarifying the rights and responsibilities of multiple governance entities,and enhancing centripetal force to cultivate rural communities of common interest.