社区共管何以可能——梅村近海渔业资源治理的案例研究

How Can Co-management Be Possible:A Case Study of Marine Fishery Resources Governance in Mei Village

近海渔业资源具有流动性、非储藏性等自然属性,单一主体的管理模式难以实现善治目标,社区共管成为近海渔业资源治理的主流路径。基于华南地区梅村的案例研究,在党建引领乡村治理现代化的背景下,社区共管之所以可能,关键在于其实现了国家与社会、治理与发展的关系协调。研究发现,社区共管以农村基层组织为主体,凝聚整合了党和政府、社会组织及渔村、渔民等多元主体的治理优势与资源,实现了从动员参与到主动参与的转变,有助于渔村治理能力提升与治理共同体的重构。在此基础上,随着海洋生态环境修复与滨海旅游业发展,海洋生态产品价值得以实现,促进了渔民转产增收和多元主体共同受益,以渔村集体经济为基础的发展共同体逐步形成,近海渔业资源治理得到推进。本文认为,社区共管有助于完善国家监管模式,并与西方治理理论形成对话,对构建近海渔业资源治理的中国方案具有理论价值和现实意义。

Because marine fishery resources have natural attributes as mobility and non-storage,the management mode of a single entity often encounters difficulties in practice,and co-management has become an inherent need for good governance.Based on the case study of Mei Village in South Chi⁃na,this paper proposes that under the background of the party construction leading rural social govern⁃ance,co-management may promote the governance of marine fishery resources,and the key is to achieve the coordination between state and society,and the organic integration of governance and devel⁃opment.This study finds that co-management,with rural grassroots organizations as the main entities,has condensed and integrated the governance advantages and resources of the government,social organi⁃zations,fishing villages,fishermen and other multiple entities,realized the transformation from mobiliza⁃tion and participation to active participation,and contributed to the improvement of the governance ca⁃pacity of fishing villages and the formation of governance community.On this basis,with the restoration of the marine ecological environment and the development of coastal tourism,the value of marine ecolog⁃ical products has been realized,which has promoted the transformation of fishermen’s production and income and the common benefit of multiple entities.The development community based on the collective economy of fishing villages has gradually formed,and the governance of marine fishery resources has been promoted.This paper believes that co-management is conducive to improving the national regula⁃tory model,forming a dialogue with Western governance theories,and has theoretical value and practical significance in forming a Chinese scheme for the marine fishery resources governance.