解释何为?——从语言哲学的演进谈起

Why Should There Be Interpretations?——An Analysis from the Perspective of Evolution of Philosophy of Language

西方哲学经历了古代的理性神学、早期现代的理性心理学、后期现代的经验心理学和当代的微观物理学四个阶段,相应的语言哲学形态则以神话学、语法学、语文学和语言学为模式。在现代哲学的演进及其向当代哲学的转换中,主体逐步变换其性质,不断丧失其地位;语言则不断摆脱其工具性,获得其自身性。解释学的角色与语言哲学的演变紧密相关。解释在古代哲学和早期现代哲学中是不必要的;它在后期现代哲学中不仅是必要的,而且是可能的;但它在当代哲学中不仅是不必要的,而且是不可能的。

Western philosophy has gone through four stages:ancient rational theology,early modern rational psychology,late modern empirical psychology and contemporary microphysics.The corresponding forms of philosophy of language are modelled on theory of words of/about God,general grammar,philology and linguistics.In the evolution of modernity and its transition to contemporaneity,the subject gradually changes its nature and loses its status,while language constantly gets rid of its instrumentality and acquires its own autonomy.The role of hermeneutics is closely related to the evolution of the philosophy of language.Interpretation was unnecessary in ancient and early modern philosophy:it was not only necessary but also possible in late modern philosophy;but it is unnecessary and impossible in contemporary philosophy.