国内大循环中的制造业生产网络:结构、动因与影响

Manufactural Production Network in Domestic Circulation:Structure,Motivation,and Impact

加快构建新发展格局,既要以现代化产业为基础,增强国内大循环的动力与可靠性,又要推进区域协调发展,提高国内大循环的覆盖面。为此,文章结合政治经济学原理与网络分析方法,在进行价值计算的基础上构造“区域-产业”二维制造业生产网络,解构国内大循环中的分工与中间产品交易,分别分析整体与节点的生产网络结构特征。结果显示,2012至2017年间中国制造业生产网络的整体结构趋于优化,东部地区的制造业发出了大量价值投入关系。空间集聚及其导致的效率优势有利于提高特定节点在生产网络中的辐射水平与中心程度,构成生产网络结构演进的关键驱动因素。不同产业的资本有机构成差异使得商品的生产价格与价值相偏离,导致生产网络中发生普遍的价值转移,而网络分析中的块模型可以较好地刻画网络结构特征对价值转入或者转出的影响。以上结论表明,产业集聚与区域分工有利于提升效率、促进交易,并推动国内大循环向纵深发展,但同时还需关注价值转移对价值分配的影响,注重协调发展,避免差距扩大。

Accelerating the construction of the new development paradigm requires both industrial and regional improvement.On the one hand,we should strengthen the internal driving force and reliability of domestic circulation by optimizing the layout of productivity based on modern industry.On the other hand,we should coordinate regional development and increase the coverage of domestic circulation.Therefore,by combining political economy and network analysis,this paper constructs a region-industry dimensional manufactural production network based on value calculation.Then,the division of labor and the transaction of intermediate products in the domestic circulation are analyzed from both the overall and the node characteristics of the production network.From 2012 to 2017,the interregional cooperation level of China's manufactural production network improved on the whole,and manufactural sectors from the eastern part of China emited a large number of value-input relations.Spatial agglomeration and its resulting fficiency advantages are beneficial for improving the radiation level and centrality of specific nodes in the production network.Thus,industrial migration and agglomeration constitute the key motivation for the evolution of the production network structure.The products'production prices deviate from their values due to different industries'different organic compositions of capital.Consequently,inter-regional and cross-industrial value transfers will occur along with intermediate product transactions in the production network,and the block model in network analysis can depict the impact of network characteristics on value transfer.The above conclusions suggest that industrial agglomeration and regional division of labor can improve production efficiency,promote transactions,and deepen domestic circulation.However,it is necessary to consider the impact of value transfer on value distribution to coordinate development and avoid widening disparities.