从存在论到规范论:涉虚拟物犯罪治理模式的当代选择

From Ontology to Normative Theory:Contemporary Options for the Governance Model of Crimes Involving Virtual Objects

涉虚拟物犯罪的治理模式主要有“技术治理模式”与“法律-技术二元保护模式”,后者作为当今普遍认可的一种模式,又可分为“秩序保护模式”与“财产保护模式”,二者各有利弊,难以形成统一共识。受存在论研究范式的影响,当前研究热衷于对虚拟物法律属性进行探讨,从而陷入了“物债二分”的两难境地。该范式实质上回答的是“虚拟物是什么”以及“以何种形态存在”等事实问题,而忽略了“虚拟物为什么存在”以及“纳入法律保护的目的”等价值问题。虚拟物是一种典型的社会存在,涉虚拟物犯罪治理模式的选择,应从规范论的思维方式展开,即何种保护模式能够满足主体对虚拟物的价值需要。作为财产保护的虚拟物,除了具有使用价值和交换价值外,还应具有社会价值。根据不同的规范目的,应正确选择适应不同种类虚拟物特征的犯罪治理模式。

There are mainly"technical governance model"and"legal-technical dualistic protection model"in the governance model of crimes involving virtual objects.The latter,as a generally accepted model today,can be divided into"order protection model"and"property protection model",both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages and are dificult to form a unified consensus.Influenced by the existential research paradigm,the current research is keen on the exploration of the legal properties of virtual objects,which is caught in the dilemma of"dichotomy of property and debt".In essence,it answers the factual question of"what virtual objects are"and"in what form they exist",but ignores the value question of"why they exist"and"the purpose of legal protection".The virtual object is a typical social existence,so the choosing of governance model of crimes involving virtual objects should be carried out from the normative way of thinking,that is,what kind of protection model can meet the subject's value needs for virtual objects.The Virtual object,protected as property,in addition to using value and exchange value,should also have social value.According to different normative purposes,the crime governance model that adapts to the characteristics of different types of virtual objects should be correctly selected.