实践育人:学科实践的真义辨析与路径选择

Education through Practice:The True Meaning Discrimination and the Chosen Path of Disciplinary Practice

学科实践是学科活动主体获取、理解和运用学科的概念、知识与理论,采用学科方法和手段,以解决真实情境中的问题及发展学生学科核心素养为目的的认识与实践相统一的专业活动,具有社会实践与专业实践的双重功能。学校的学科实践与科学家的学科实践存在一致性,也存在相异性。学科实践形式多样,是具身性、情境性、关系性、生命性、伦理性实践。要想有效地进行学科实践,一要把学科实践看成“实践”的重要方式,彰显其“实践”特征;二要把学科实践看成“专业”的实践,彰显其“学科”特征;三要把学科实践看成“教育”实践,彰显其教育实践、教学实践与学习实践特征。

Discipline practice is a professional activity in which the subject of discipline activities obtains,understands and applies the concepts,knowledge and theories of the discipline,adopts discipline methods and means,that unifies knowledge and practice with the aim of solving problems in real situations and develop students'core competencies in the discipline.It has a dual function of social practice and professional practice.There is consistency and dissimilarity between the disciplinary practice of schools and that of scientists.There are various forms of disciplinary practice,including embodied,situational,relational,life oriented,and ethical practices.To effectively carry out disciplinary practice,firstly,we should regard disciplinary practice as an important way of"practice"and highlight its"practical"characteristics;The second is to view the disciplinary practice as a"professional"practice,and highlight its"disciplinary"characteristics;The third is to view the disciplinary practice as"educational"practice,to highlight its characteristics of educational practice,teaching practice,and learning practice.