青少年体育锻炼行为实证研究的相关影响因素分析

Analysis of the Related Factors in the Empirical Study of Adolescents'Physical Exercise Behavior

体育锻炼是促进青少年身心健康的重要方法,为了更清晰了解影响青少年体育锻炼行为的相关因素。采用《STROBE文献质量指南》对青少年体育锻炼行为的实证研究文献进行评价和筛选,统计结果纳入49项文献样本,包含55个中文变量和78个英文变量。为了更直观的反映各变量的关系,研究将影响因素分为个人动机、态度与认知、人际关系及外围环境4个维度,其中,个人动机、态度与认知被证明是青少年保持锻炼主动性和体育学习坚持性的主要原因;人际关系为青少年的锻炼动机、态度和认知发展和体育能力发展提供了支持;外围环境能够直接或间接的促进青少年的体育锻炼行为,客观存在的负面因素也可能削弱青少年体育兴趣和意愿。影响青少年体育锻炼的因素是复杂多样的,仅探讨单一维度可能会导致选择性注意,因此需要多角度综合考量干预策略,从而有效促进青少年体育锻炼行为。

Physical exercise is an important method to promote adolescents'physical and mental health,in order to have a clearer understanding of the relevant factors affecting adolescents'physical exercise behaviour.The STROBE Literature Quality Guidelines were used to evaluate and screen the empirical research literature on adolescents'physical activity behaviours,and the statistical results included 49 literature samples containing 55 Chinese and 78 English variables.The study classified the influencing factors into four dimensions:personal motivation,attitude and cognition,interpersonal relationship and peripheral environment.Among them,personal motivation,attitude and cognition were proved to be the main reasons for adolescents to maintain the initiative of exercising and adherence to physical education learning;interpersonal relationship provided support for adolescents'motivation,attitudes,and cognitive development of exercising and development of physical education competence;and the peripheral environment was able to promote,directly or indirectly,adolescents'physical activity behaviour,and objective negative factors may also weaken adolescents'interest and willingness to play sport.The factors affecting adolescents'physical activity are complex and varied,so it is necessary to consider intervention strategies from multiple perspectives in order to effectively promote adolescents'physical activity behaviours.