科普型科幻起源重探

Review on the Origin of the Science Fiction for Science Propagation

科普型科幻曾是中国科幻文学的主要范式,但是从世界范围来看,这种类型的科幻文学不但出现较晚,而且也并不是世界科幻文学发展的主流方向。本文追溯了科普型科幻在西方和中国的起源,指出这种科幻文学的底层理念,即以文学为载体向社会公众普及科学知识,是在启蒙运动的影响下形成的。凡尔纳与赫泽尔对这种科幻类型的早期实践,以及后来苏联的“科学文艺”、新文化运动以来中国的科普型科幻,其核心创作理念都受到启蒙运动的深刻影响。而科普型科幻在20世纪中国的兴衰,与中国独特的科学技术现代化进程密切相关。

The science fiction for science propagation was a main paradigm of Chinese science fiction.From a global perspective,however,this type of science fiction not only appeared late,but never became the mainstream.This paper traces the origin of the science fiction for science propagation in the West and China,and points out that the underlying idea of the science fiction for science propagation,that is to propagate scientific knowledge to the public through literature,was formed under the influence of the Enlightenment.The early practices of Verne and Hetzel on this type,the"Scientific-Fictional Literature"in the Soviet Union later and Chinese science fiction for science propagation after the New Culture Movement,were all deeply influenced by the Enlightenment on their core creative ideas.The rise and fall of Chinese science fiction for science propagation in the 20th century is closely related to the unique process of the modernization of science and technology in China.