中国宏观经济管理的演变和创新发展

The Evolution and Innovative Development of Macroeconomic Management in China

中国宏观经济治理现代化是推进和拓展中国式现代化的重要基础,对它形成的历史逻辑进行学理分析具有十分重大的意义。本文以经济史为基础,以揭示人类社会发展规律的唯物史观为方法论,对计划经济总供求管理下的综合平衡阶段及其转向市场体制下宏观调控体系的过渡期的宏观经济管理、社会主义市场经济体制总需求管理下的宏观调控阶段及其转向需求侧与供给侧并重的过渡期的宏观经济管理、新时代以供给侧结构性改革为核心的宏观经济管理,以及新发展阶段推进宏观经济治理现代化等四个阶段和两个过渡期的宏观经济管理思想演变进行了梳理,将宏观经济治理主要特色概括为:注重顶层设计,突出宏观经济治理的战略导向;增加跨周期政策设计、在短期波动和长期增长之间进行科学抉择;注重从供给侧发力,推动需求侧管理与供给侧改革有效协同等三个方面。

The modernization of China's macroeconomic governance is an important basis for promoting and expanding the Chinese-style modernization,and it is of great significance to analyze the historical logic of its formation.This paper is based on economic history and takes historical materialism,which reveals the law of the development of human society,as its methodology.The article reviews the evolution of macroeconomic management thoughts in four stages and two transitional periods,including macroeconomic management of the comprehensive equilibrium stage under the aggregate supply and demand management of the planned economy and its transition to the macro-control system under the market system,macroeconomic management of the aggregate demand management of the socialist market economy and its transition to the demand side and the supply side,macroeconomic management of the new era with the supply-side structural reform as the core,and modernization of macroeconomic governance in the new development stage.The main characteristics of macroeconomic governance are summarized as follows:pay attention to top-level design and the strategic orientation of macroeconomic governance;increase cross-cyclical policy design and make scientific choices between short-term volatility and long-term growth;focus on generating force from the supply side and promoting effective coordination between demand-side management and supply-side reform.