基于广义费用的城市轨道交通客流分配

Traffic Assignment of Urban Rail Transit Based on Generalized Cost

为了更加客观全面地反映城市轨道交通出行者决策行为,提升城市轨道交通客流预测准确性,缓解线路运营面临的高峰时段客流拥挤现象,从出行广义费用角度出发,开展城市轨道交通客流分配研究。综合考虑票价、出行时间、舒适度、准时性等因素,构建了城市轨道交通乘客出行广义费用计算模型;以北京地铁5号线为例,将广义费用作为出行阻抗引入客流分配之中,构建了基于广义费用的随机用户平衡条件下的城市轨道交通客流分配模型,并提出了嵌套Logit模型的迭代加权法用以求解模型;基于分配模型及算法,对不同票价和列车容量条件下的城市轨道交通客流分配结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,基于广义费用的城市轨道交通客流分配模型能够实现对轨道交通流量的有效预测,可对各类缓解高峰时段拥挤措施的实施效果进行评估,辅助城市轨道交通领域相关决策。

In order to reflect the decision-making of urban rail transit travelers more objectively and comprehensively,also improve accuracy of urban rail transit demand forecasting and ease passenger congestion in peak hours in urban rail transit operation phase,a traffic assignment method of urban rail transit based on generalized cost was introduced in this paper.By comprehensively considering factors like fare,travel time,comfort degree and punctuality,a generalized cost model of urban rail transit passengers was constructed.By taking Beijing Subway Line 5 as an example,the generalized cost was considered as travel impedance in traffic assignment and a new traffic assignment model of urban rail transit under the condition of Stochastic User Equilibrium(SUE)was built,then the Method of Successive Averages(MSA)nested Logit Model was proposed as an algorithm of the assignment model.Based on the model and algorithm,the study analyzed the assignment results under different ticket prices and train capacity conditions.Results show that the traffic assignment model of urban rail transit based on generalized cost can effectively conduct demand forecasting,it can also evaluate the effects of measures to alleviate congestion in peak hours which can assist decision-makings in urban rail transit field.