数字化背景下的农村金融排斥:数字机遇还是数字鸿沟

Rural Financial Exclusion in the Context of Digitalization:Digital Opportunity or Digital Divide

本文采用中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),将传统金融排斥和数字金融排斥纳入同一分析框架,从储蓄、信贷和支付三个方面构建金融排斥指标,比较分析农户传统和数字金融排斥状况及其相关性,实证检验农户传统和数字金融排斥的影响因素差异。研究发现,与传统金融排斥相比,农户在储蓄和信贷两个方面的数字金融排斥更加严重,数字金融在农村地区的普及主要体现在支付服务上。传统金融排斥和数字金融排斥存在正相关性,存在传统金融排斥的农户也更容易存在数字金融排斥。相较于传统金融,数字金融对于金融知识匮乏、收入水平低的农村家庭具有更强的包容性,总体上为农户带来数字机遇,但也存在高信贷利率产生的价格排斥、社会信任引致的自我排斥以及电子设备与互联网普及差异带来的工具排斥等可能形成数字鸿沟的风险因素。

This paper uses the Chinese Household Finance Survey(CHFS)data,integrates traditional financial exclusion and digital financial exclusion into the same analytical framework,constructs financial exclusion indicators in terms of savings,credit and payment,comparatively analyzes the traditional and digital financial exclusion of rural households and their correlations,and empirically tests the differences in the influencing factors of traditional and digital financial exclusion of rural households.The study finds that digital financial exclusion is more severe in both savings and credit than traditional financial exclusion,and that digital financial penetration in rural areas is mainly in payment services.There is a positive correlation between traditional financial exclusion and digital financial exclusion,and rural households facing traditional financial exclusion are more likely to face digital financial exclusion.Compared with traditional finance,digital finance is more inclusive for rural households with low financial literacy and low-income levels,and brings digital opportunities for farmers in general,but there are also risk factors that may form a digital divide,such as price exclusion due to high credit rates,self-exclusion due to social trust,and instrumental exclusion due to differences in electronic devices and Internet penetration.