中国消费者对转基因农产品食用安全评价的风险探知研究——基于5138份问卷调查的田野证据

Risk Perception of Chinese Consumers on Food Safety Evaluation of Genetically Modified Agricultural Products

面对未知,寻求安全是人类的基本需求与本能反应。转基因食品的安全问题尚未得到时间和科学的充分验证,因此探究中国消费者对转基因农产品食用安全评价的风险认知“黑箱”具有重要意义。本文基于多途径问卷调查和田野调查分组随机得到5138份有效问卷,综合运用理论分析和计量模型研究消费者对转基因农产品食用安全评价的风险探知及影响因素。研究发现,性别、年龄、有无13岁以下孩子、受教育程度、居住区域、熟悉程度、标识式样和阈值等因素均对消费者的风险探知具有显著影响;其中转基因标识中的警示性程度与风险探知呈正相关关系,阈值则与风险探知呈负相关关系;女性的风险探知高于男性,居住在农村的消费者风险探知较弱。因此通过严格量化转基因农产品的标识式样和阈值,建立预警式的安全管理体系;加大转基因农产品的知识科普力度,可增进中国消费者对转基因农产品食用安全评价的理性探知,消除舆情危机。本文研究结论为完善转基因标识法案和中国政府监管具有潜在风险特征的产品提供了微观基础和经验借鉴。

In the face of the unknown,seeking safety is the basic demand and instinctive response of human beings,while the safety problem of genetically modified food has not been verified by time and science,so it is of great significance to explore the risk perception"black box"of Chinese consumers on the food safety evaluation of genetically modified agricultural products.Based on the multi-channel questionnaire survey and field survey,5138 valid questionnaires were randomly collected,and theoretical analysis and econometric model were comprehensively used to study consumers'risk detection and influencing factors on the food safety evaluation of genetically modified agricultural products.The study finds that gender,age,whether there are children under 13 years of age,education level,living area,familiarity,logo style and threshold and other factors have a significant impact on consumer risk detection.The warning degree of transgenic labels is positively correlated with risk detection,while the threshold value is negatively correlated with risk detection.Women's risk detection is higher than men's,while consumers living in rural areas have weak risk detection.Therefore,an early warning safety management system is established by strictly quantifying the identification pattern and threshold of transgenic agricultural products.Strengthening the knowledge and science popularization of genetically modified agricultural products can improve Chinese consumers'rational understanding of the food safety evaluation of genetically modified agricultural products and eliminate public opinion crisis.The research conclusions provide a micro basis and experience for improving the genetically modified labeling act and the Chinese government's regulation of products with potential risk characteristics.