自驱动微纳机器人在污水处理上的研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SELF-ACTUATED MICRO/NANOROBOTS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

近年来,随着对微纳机器人的研究更加深入,利用自驱动微纳机器人可调的表面化学性质,通过表面反应产生大量的微纳米气泡,在微观尺度上混合液体,从而能够有效地吸附或降解污染水中的有毒化学物质。特别地,在清洁传统方法难以触及的小管道或腔体中的污水处理方面,优势明显。综述了近年来国内外自驱动微纳机器人在污水处理方面的研究进展。介绍了自驱动微纳机器人的制备及驱动方式,总结了自驱动微纳机器人在监测水环境及高效处理污水方面的应用,主要包括自驱动微纳机器人吸附重金属离子、降解有机污染物、定向运输油滴及微塑料降解4个方面;探讨了微纳机器人在燃料材料方面的依赖性和实际环境应用的局限性,并结合其优缺点对未来的发展方向做进一步展望。

In recent years,with the deepening research on micro/nanorobots,more and more researchers have found that self-actuated micro/nano robots have their unique advantages in sewage treatment.Self-actuated micro/nanorobots can effectively adsorb or degrade toxic chemicals in polluted water by using their tunable surface chemistry to generate large quantities of micro/nanobubbles through surface reactions and mixing liquids at microscopic scales.In particular,it has obvious advantages in cleaning sewage treatment in small pipes or cavities that are difficult to reach by traditional methods.This paper reviews the research progress of self-actuated micro/nanorobots in wastewater treatment in recent years.First,the preparation and driven mode of the self-actuated micro/nanorobot was introduced,and the applications of the self-actuated micro/nanorobot on monitoring of water environment and efficient sewage treatment were summarized,mainly including adsorption of heavy metal ions,decomposition of organic pollutants,directional transportation oil droplets and degradation of microplastic;the dependence of self-actuated micro/nanorobots on fuel materials and the limitations of practical environment applications were discussed.Combined with their advantages and disadvantages,the future development direction was further prospected and summarized.In short,with the continuous breakthroughs in relevant key technologies and the continuous research and development of new self-actuated micro-nanorobots,self-actuated micro-nanorobots will play an increasingly important role in environmental protection and other fields.