口腔鳞癌干细胞与免疫细胞的相互作用以及相关信号通路的研究进展

Research Progress on Crosstalk Between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stem Cells and Immune Cells and Related Signal Pathways

口腔鳞癌干细胞是介导口腔鳞癌免疫抵抗的主要原因之一。口腔鳞癌干细胞通过分泌多种细胞因子包括转化生长因子β、白细胞介素10和白细胞介素13等,诱导肿瘤相关巨噬细胞等免疫细胞向促癌表型极化并招募促肿瘤免疫细胞,驱动口腔鳞癌的发生及进展。此外,口腔鳞癌干细胞可以直接释放相关细胞外囊泡和游离生腱蛋白C,或间接通过免疫抑制性细胞干扰T细胞活性,创造免疫逃避的环境。另一方面,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、调节性T细胞等免疫细胞可以通过多种机制激活STAT3磷酸化来促进口腔鳞癌干细胞表型。定期对口腔鳞癌中存在的复杂且多变的肿瘤-免疫细胞相互作用进行总结将有利于深化和推动该领域的研究。全文将对口腔鳞癌干细胞与肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的相互作用,以及其中涉及的信号通路和分子机制进行综述,为口腔鳞癌免疫治疗策略和相关研究提供指导。

Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are one of the main reasons for mediating immune resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).CSCs secrete various cytokines,including TGFs,IL-10,IL-13,which recruit and polarize immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages towards a pro-cancer phenotype to drive the occurrence and development of OSCC.In addition,CSCs can directly release relevant extracellular vesicles and free tenascin-C,or indirectly interfere with T cell activity through immunosuppressive cells,creating an environment for immune evasion.On the other hand,immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages,dendritic cells,and regulatory T cells can activate STAT3 phosphorylation through various mechanisms to promote the phenotype of OSCC stem cells.Understanding the complex and variable tumor-immune cell interactions in OSCC will be beneficial to deepen and promote research in this field.This paper reviews the interaction between OSCC stem cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment,as well as the signal pathways and molecular mechanisms involved,to provide reference for immunotherapy and research on oral squamous cell carcinoma.