成为自己的教师:“可见的学习”视野下的学生自评能力研究

Becoming Your Own Teacher:Student Self-Assessment in the Context of"Visible Learning"

本文基于对约翰·哈蒂“可见的学习”的理解,从“可见的教-可见的学”双重视角出发,揭示了“可见的学习”在本质上就是关于培养学生自评能力的故事,为学生自评能力的培养提出一个基于证据的可操作的有效模式。这一模式具体包含了从教师自评力向学生自评力、从教师心智框架向学生心智框架的双重转化。从教师自评力向学生自评力的转化具体体现在哈蒂提出的DIIE教学模式中。这一教学模式的目标是将学习责任从教师身上逐渐转移到学生身上并培养学生的自评能力。从教师心智框架向学生心智框架的转化具体体现在哈蒂提出的十个教师心智框架和八个学生心智框架上,教师心智框架与学生心智框架的结合与转化构成了培养学生自评力的最有效的心智框架。德国教育学家本纳提出,教育实践是具有终结性的,而教育的终结性就体现在学生最终可以蜕变成自己的教师这一理想教育目标的实现。“可见的学习”视野下的学生自评能力培养模式的发现证明了自评力是可以教授的,而培养自评力的关键是教师。

Drawing from John Hattie's"Visible Learning",this paper adopts the dual perspective of"Visible Teaching-Visible Learning"and reveals that"Visible Learning"fundamentally narrates the development of student self-assessment skills.This insight leads to the proposition of an evidence-based,actionable,and potent model that nurtures student self-assessment skills.This model embodies a dual transformation:from teacher self-assessment to student self-assessment and from teachers'mind-frames to students'mind-frames.Hattie's DIE instructional model exemplifies the shift from teacher self-assessment to student self-assessment.The goal of DIIE model is to gradually shift the responsibility for learning from the teacher to the student and to develop student self-assessment skills.The transition between the teacher's and the student's mind-frames is encapsulated in the ten teacher's and eight student's mind-frames as outlined by Hattie.The synergy and transition between these mind-frames forge the most efficacious mind-frames for enhancing student self-assessment skills.The German pedagogue Benner suggested that the practice of education is summative,and that the summative nature of education is reflected in the realization of the desired educational goal that students can eventually metamorphose into their own teachers.This dual transformational model demonstrates that student self-assessment skills can be taught and that the key to developing student self-assessment skills is the teacher.